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Graphite is the common anode material used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they show poor kinetics in traditional carbonate-based electrolytes, which limits the fast-charging performance of the corresponding LIBs. Here, a weak-solvation strategy is introduced to modulate the local environment around the Li ions and the electrode/electrolyte interfacial chemistry to facilitate Li+ transport. Specifically, the study finds the use of methyl acetate (MA) as a co-solvent with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) can weaken the interactions of Li+ with the solvent molecules, generating a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase on the graphite anode, thereby improving its fast-charging performance. In addition, the desolvation energy of Li+ is further reduced by fluorinating EMC (FEMC), owing to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine. With a 1 M LiFSI FEMC/MA (1:1, v) + 10 wt% fluorinated ethylene carbonate electrolyte, graphite anode shows a lithiation capacity of about 230 mAh g-1 at 1488 mA g-1 (4 Cgraphite rate), significantly higher than that obtained in a LiPF6-based conventional electrolyte. The weakly-solvating electrolyte with LiFSI, FEMC and MA is also compatible with LiFePO4 cathodes, where a LiFePO4 | graphite full cell can be cycled even at a charging rate of 4.5 Cfullcell.

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Keyword: lithium-ion battery, graphite anode, solvation structure, weakly-solvating electrolyte, fast-charging performance

Date published: 2026-02-23

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Journal:

• Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (ISSN: 00219797) vol. 713 140177

Funding:

• National Institute for Materials Science

Manuscript type: Author's version (Submitted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6230

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140177

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Updated at: 2026-03-23 13:50:47 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-03-23 16:22:21 +0900