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Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) have attracted great attention owing to their higher energy density compared to conventional lithium metal batteries. Unfortunately, AFLMBs still suffer from poor Coulombic efficiency (CE) due to severe dendrite growth and the unstable solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) at the anode. Therefore, we explored the effect of concentration and LiNO3 additive on the SEI layer and on Li plating/stripping efficiency using a low-concentration tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME)-based electrolyte in an AFLMB anode half-cell configuration. It was found that the formation of protective Li2O-based SEI layers when blocking the oxidative subsequent SEI formation (called ‘‘OSS’’) above 2.2 V vs. Li/Li+ improved Li plating/stripping stability, while the LiNO3 additive suppressed the oxidation of Li2O into Li2O2 and sustained the existence of Li2O without blocking OSS, therefore improving CE performance. Although increasing the concentration (from 0.4 M to 2.0 M) did not have a major effect, the 2.0 M electrolyte with LiNO3 additive shifted the dominant SEI species from Li2O to LiF, further enhancing CE performance.

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• In Copyright
  

Keyword: Anode-free lithium metal battery, TEGDME, Li plating/stripping efficiency, SEI layer structure

Date published: 2024-09-24

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Journal:

• PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (ISSN: 14639076) vol. 26 issue. 39 p. 25352-25362

Funding:

• National Institute for Materials Science

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.4834

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02755H

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Updated at: 2025-09-24 08:30:28 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-09-24 08:23:30 +0900