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Li–air batteries (LABs) have attracted considerable attention as next-generation energy-storage systems because of their exceptionally high theoretical energy density. However, their practical application remains limited by the difficulty of sustaining an effective multi-phase interface (MPI), where Li+, O2, and e- converge to drive the reversible formation and decomposition of discharge products. Herein, we report a simple and scalable gravity-assisted infiltration (GAI) strategy for fabricating air cathodes, in which catalysts are distributed throughout the gas diffusion layer (GDL) framework. This architecture enables continuous Li+/O2/e- transport pathways and establishes a spatially extended and stable MPI across the cathode thickness, while remaining binder-free and operating with reduced electrolyte demand. As a result, LABs with the GAI cathode deliver lower overpotentials and longer cycling (＞300 cycles) at 0.25 mA cm-2 with a limited capacity of 0.50 mA h cm-2, while still exhibiting superior performance at a high cathode loading of 3.0 mg cm-2. In situ EIS/DRT/DCT and TOF-SIMS reveal stable interfacial evolution and a mechanism shift toward nucleation-preferred discharge-product formation across the cathode thickness, evidencing a spatially extended and dynamically stable MPI. The resulting LABs also achieve a high full discharge/charge capacity of ~ 24 mA h cm-2, enhanced low temperature (−20 ℃) mass-transport capability and improved high temperature (60 ℃) stability. In addition, scaled-up pouch cells demonstrate stable long-term cycling (＞100 cycles), efficient heat dissipation, and high energy density (798.80 Wh kg-1). This work provides a practical air cathode design principle for developing high energy density metal–air batteries.

権利情報:

• In Copyright
  

キーワード: Li–air batteries, air cathode structure, extended multiple-phase interface, gravity-assisted infiltration, nucleation-preferred mechanism, wide temperature range

刊行年月日: 2026-07-21

出版者: Wiley

掲載誌:

• Advanced Energy Materials (ISSN: 16146832) vol. 16 issue. 33 e71321

研究助成金:

• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology JPMXP1122714694

原稿種別: 査読前原稿 (Author's original)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.8676

公開URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71321

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更新時刻: 2026-10-26 12:30:04 +0900

MDRでの公開時刻: 2026-10-26 10:30:39 +0900