Download file (1.65 MB)
Download as zip (1.62 MB)

Collection

Citation

Description:

Human microbiota, akin to human cells releasing exosomes, produce spherical biological nanoparticles, bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). These BEVs are composed of lipid bilayers and encapsulate a variety of biological molecules from their source cells such as signaling molecules, genetic materials, and proteins. BEVs have been known to contribute to diverse biological processes in the human body by mediating both microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions (Schwechheimer and Kuehn 2015; Cuesta et al. 2021). Yet, while the importance of their cargo is well-recognized, the question remains: do bacteria actively biosynthesize the BEVs to control their cargo on purpose?
Recent studies have been demonstrated that BEVs are not just the by-products of cell-lysis or imbalance in local cell membrane properties but produced via various types of regulations (Fig. 1)(Schwechheimer and Kuehn 2015). Genetic alterations can either enhance or inhibit the formation of BEVs (Kitagawa et al. 2010; Kulp et al. 2015), and evidence points to the selective, rather than random, packaging of certain molecules like proteins and lipids within BEVs (Schwechheimer and Kuehn 2015; Bonnington and Kuehn 2016; Orench-Rivera and Kuehn 2021; Naradasu et al. 2021).

Rights:

• In Copyright
  

  This ebook is designed with accessibility in mind, aiming to meet the ePub Accessibility 1.0 AA and WCAG 2.0 Level AA standards. Its features include described images and other non-text content, screenreader-friendly navigation and accessible math. Math is represented either as MathML, LaTeX or in images. If math is represented as image, Alt Text might not be present. We recognize the importance of accessibility, and we welcome queries about accessibility for any of our products. If you have a question or an access need, please get in touch with us at accessibilitysupport@springernature.com.

Keyword: bacterial membrane vesicle, single-particle analysis, microbiome, nanowire

Date published: 2025-02-28

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Journal:

• Extracellular Fine Particles

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6143

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7067-0_9

Related item:

Other identifier(s):

Contact agent:

Updated at: 2026-01-19 10:38:01 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-01-19 12:21:50 +0900