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Sn-based perovskites are considered a suitable alternative to toxic Pb-based perovskites due to their low toxicity and optimum optoelectronic properties. However, high-efficiency Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically use poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transport material (HTM), which limits their stability due to its acidic nature. This study introduces SnOX nanocrystals, synthesized through a synproportionation reaction of Sn4+ with Sn0 under mild conditions, as a replacement for PEDOT:PSS. X-ray photoelectron and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the Sn0 reduces Sn4+ by 38% and elevates the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to –5.70 eV, close to PEDOT:PSS, enabling HTM behavior. The perovskite films on SnOX exhibit improved grain size and crystallinity compared to PEDOT:PSS. The resulting SnOX-based Sn-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency of 11.11%. They retained 90% of their efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking, indicating superior stability over PEDOT:PSS-based devices.

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• In Copyright
  

Keyword: Perovskite Solar Cells, Solution-Processed SnOX , Hole Transporting Material

Date published: 2025-03-12

Publisher: Wiley

Journal:

• Solar RRL (ISSN: 2367198X) vol. 9 issue. 7 2500047

Funding:

• JST-Mirai Program JPMJMI21E6

Manuscript type: Author's version (Submitted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5956

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500047

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Updated at: 2025-12-04 08:30:23 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-04 08:22:29 +0900