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The increasing energy density and size requirements have necessitated the establishment of reliable safety technologies for rechargeable batteries. In particular, understanding and controlling thermal runaway, an uncontrollable heat generation from continuous exothermic reactions in batteries, is essential for developing high-safety batteries. However, comprehensive safety evaluations at the full-cell level are limited by size requirements (greater than the ampere-hour scale) for performing accelerating rate calorimetry tests that can provide critical information on heat generation during thermal runaway. Further, efficient safety screening is difficult because of substantial quantities of battery materials and costly manufacturing processes. Here we designed cylindrical pouch-type small batteries (~21 mAh, ~0.1 g of cathode active materials) that are highly susceptible to heat generation, thus allowing us to perform full-cell-level accelerating rate calorimetry tests on a laboratory scale. This enables rapid safety screening and early-stage feedback for battery design, which can help accelerate the development of high-safety batteries.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Lithium ion batteries, Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC)

Date published: 2025-04-02

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• Nature Energy (ISSN: 20587546) vol. 10 issue. 6

Funding:

• MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S, Grant Number 20H05673)
• MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency Program on Open Innovation Platform for Industry-Academia Co-Creation (Grant Number JPMJPF2016)

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01751-7

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Updated at: 2025-07-24 16:30:32 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-07-24 16:18:14 +0900