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High concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, and phenol are recognized as water pollutants that contribute to the degradation of soil acidity. In contrast, small quantities of these nutrients are essential for soil nutrient cycling and plant growth. Here, we reported composite materials comprising biochar, chitosan, ZrO, and Fe3O4, which were employed to mitigate ammonium, phosphate, and phenol contamination in water and to lessen soil acidity. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the efficacy of the adsorbents. Initially, comparative studies on the simultaneous removal of ammonium, phosphate, and phenol using CB (biochar), CBC (biochar + chitosan), CBCZrO (biochar + chitosan + ZrO), and CBCZrOFe3O4 (biochar + chitosan + ZrO + Fe3O4) were conducted. The results revealed that CBCZrOFe3O4 exhibited the highest removal percentage among the adsorbents (P<0.05). Adsorption data for CBCZrOFe3O4 were well fitted to the second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 112.65 mg/g for ammonium, 94.68 mg/g for phosphate and 112.63 mg/g for phenol. Subsequently, the effect of CBCZrOFe3O4-loaded ammonium, phosphate, and phenol (CBCZrOFe3O4-APP) on soil acidity was studied over a 60-day incubation period. The results indicated no significant differences (P<0.05) in soil exchangeable acidity, H+, Mg, K, and Na. However, there was a substantial increase in the soil pH, EC, available P, CEC, N-NH4, and N-NO3. A significant reduction was also observed in the available soil Fe (P<0.05). This technique demonstrated multifunctionality in remediating water pollutants and enhancing soil acidity.

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  This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Environmental Technology on June 10, 2024, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2362993.

Keyword: recycle waste, adsorption, soil acidity amelioration, removal of water pollutants, biochar composite

Date published: 2025-02-10

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Journal:

• Environmental Technology (ISSN: 09593330) vol. 46 issue. 4 p. 581-600

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Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5327

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2362993

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Updated at: 2025-06-10 08:30:28 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-06-10 08:19:21 +0900