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Description:

Because the mass of lithium-air battery (LAB) changes due to oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER), weighing of the battery is an indispensable method for determining its actual energy density and analyzing the battery reactions. To this end, we have newly developed a weight monitoring system which can trace the long-term weight change of air-batteries with a precision of 7.87 μg for a week. The system reveals the weight decrease of LAB in each cycle before finally losing its capacity. The in-situ weighing during battery operation also provides first-hand evidence of double layer capacitance and electrolyte evaporation of LABs. Specifically, the e-/O2 ratio during discharge is determined to be 1.954 ± 0.004 based on the weight increase of an LAB cell using tetraethylene glycol-based electrolyte at a current density of 100 μA cm-2, confirming the slightly lower e-/O2 ratio than the ideal two electron ORR. During charge, the initial weight decrease is 5.4% less than the 2e-/O2 OER process, and the weight decreases sharply at the end of charge due to CO2 evolution. The main rates of weigh increase/decrease remain the same throughout the cycle life, but side reactions are accelerated with cycling, causing the deterioration of LABs.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
  

  © 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Keyword: Lithium-air battery, Battery weight change, Oxygen reduction reaction, Oxygen evolution reaction, Electrolyte evaporation, Double layer capacity

Date published: 2023-12-16

Publisher: Elsevier

Journal:

• JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (ISSN: 18732755) vol. 592 issue. 1

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.4306

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233924

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Updated at: 2025-12-16 08:30:45 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-16 08:07:38 +0900