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This paper describes the development of a portable electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine, a clinically important neurotransmitter associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. The sensor is based on a three-dimensional phosphorus- and sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride hornet’s nest structure, which features a hierarchical porous morphology with multi-open hexagonal gates, abundant voids, and a rough, wave-oriented surface that collectively provide a high surface area and facilitate efficient electrolyte diffusion and dopamine adsorption. Phosphorus and sulfur doping introduces phosphate and sulfate functionalities that enhance charge transfer, improve dopamine binding, and impart high selectivity. When integrated onto a screen-printed carbon electrode, the sensor exhibits a low detection limit of 7.8 nM and a wide linear range from 10 to 500 nM. The platform demonstrates excellent stability, reproducibility, and high recovery of dopamine in human serum and urine samples, highlighting its strong potential for practical clinical and point-of-care applications.

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• In Copyright
  

Keyword: Porous g-C3N4; Multifunctional surface interface; Portable electrochemical sensor; Dopamine; Neuronal diseases; Biological samples

Date published: 2024-07-17

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Journal:

• Analytica Chimica Acta (ISSN: 00032670) vol. 1320 342985

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Submitted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6048

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.342985

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Updated at: 2025-12-22 13:04:34 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-22 16:22:04 +0900