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Point defect formation was investigated based on the electron energy-loss near-edge structure observed within the grains and 10 nm from the grain boundaries of strontium titanate flash-sintered under direct (DC) and alternating (AC) electric fields with strengths of 100 and 200 V/cm. More oxygen vacancies were generated in both regions under the DC field than under no field, but the same behavior was only observed under the AC field of 200 V/cm. Similarly, strontium vacancies were generated in both regions under the DC field but only within the grains under the AC field. The discrepancies in vacancy formation may be related to their generation and annihilation rates at grain boundaries under AC electric fields. The intricacies of the electric field-induced vacancy formation mechanism require further elucidation, but this work underscores the importance of considering the roles of both oxygen and cation vacancies in the accelerated mass diffusion during flash sintering.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
  

Keyword: flash sintering, strontium titanate, oxygen vacancies, strontium vacancies, electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Date published: 2025-06-07

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Journal:

• Journal of the European Ceramic Society (ISSN: 09552219) vol. 45 issue. 15 117611

Funding:

• Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology JPMJCR1996
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
• Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K01156

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5785

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117611

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Updated at: 2025-09-29 16:30:21 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-09-29 16:22:58 +0900