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Laser induced shift of atomic states due to the AC-Stark effect has played a central role in cold-atom physics and facilitated their emergence as analog quantum simulators. Here, we explore this phenomena in an atomically thin layer of semiconductor MoSe₂, which we embedded in a heterostructure enabling charge tunability. Shining an intense pump laser with a small detuning from the material resonances, we generate a large population of virtual collective excitations, and achieve a regime where interactions with this background population is the leading contribution to the AC-Stark shift. Using this technique we study how itinerant charges modify – and dramatically enhance – the interactions between optical excitations. In particular, our experiments show that the interaction between attractive polarons could be more than an order of magnitude stronger than those between bare excitons.

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• In Copyright
  © 2024 American Physical Society

Keyword: AC-Stark effect, MoSe2 semiconductor, Attractive polarons

Date published: 2024-01-29

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Journal:

• Physical Review Letters (ISSN: 10797114) vol. 132 issue. 5 056901

Funding:

• Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 200020_207520

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.056901

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Updated at: 2025-08-28 16:30:20 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-08-28 16:19:50 +0900