Article Defect mitigation via fullerene-based functional additives for enhanced efficiency and stability in tin perovskite solar cells

Aman Shukla ORCID ; Dhruba B. Khadka SAMURAI ORCID ; Chunqing Li ORCID ; Masahiro Rikukawa ORCID ; Yuko Takeoka ORCID ; Ryoji Sahara SAMURAI ORCID ; Masatoshi Yanagida SAMURAI ORCID ; Yasuhiro Shirai SAMURAI ORCID

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Aman Shukla, Dhruba B. Khadka, Chunqing Li, Masahiro Rikukawa, Yuko Takeoka, Ryoji Sahara, Masatoshi Yanagida, Yasuhiro Shirai. Defect mitigation via fullerene-based functional additives for enhanced efficiency and stability in tin perovskite solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2025, 13 (29), 23487-23498. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ta08566c

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(abstract)

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs) represent a promising lead-free alternative for photovoltaic applications, however, their oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+, induces structural defects and compromises device stability and efficiency. In this study, we introduced fullerene-based multifunctional molecules (F-COOH, F-OH, F-OSO3H) as additives to interact with Sn2+ ions, effectively stabilizing tin in its reduced state. These functional additives affect the growth and optoelectronic properties of tin perovskite film. Among these additives, F-COOH significantly suppresses Sn4+ formation and non-radiative recombination. Consequently, the device with the F-COOH additive exhibits an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 8.20 to 11.22%, along with improved reproducibility and stability. While additives with –OH and –OSO3H functional groups also enhance performance, the superior results with F-COOH are attributed to the localized electron density provided by the –COOH group, facilitated by its connection to the fullerene core through a sp3 hybridized carbon. Device analysis indicated that the F-COOH additive enhances the optoelectronic properties of Sn-PSCs, contributing to a higher diffusion potential while effectively minimizing bulk and interfacial defects. Thus, this work underscores the importance of functional group selection in molecular design to improve the efficiency and stability of Sn-PSCs, paving the way for advanced lead-free solar cell technologies.

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Keyword: Pb-free perovskite, Tin perovskite, Additive engineering, Fullerene-based multifunctional molecule, Tin oxidation, Defect suppression

Date published: 2025-05-07

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Journal:

  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A (ISSN: 20507488) vol. 13 issue. 29 p. 23487-23498

Funding:

  • Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program JPMJAN23B2
  • Hitachi Global Foundation KURATA/#1572

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.5633

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ta08566c

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Updated at: 2025-08-18 16:30:39 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-08-18 16:21:31 +0900

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