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Rechargeable magnesium battery (RMB) is gaining attention as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, offering advantages such as low cost and high theoretical capacity of magnesium metal anodes. Yet, realizing stable, high-voltage RMB full cells remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we explore a full-cell configuration combining a vanadium oxide (VO2) cathode with a weakly coordinating anion-based electrolyte. While encouraging performance is observed in half-cell setups, translating it into full-cell operation proves complex, particularly at elevated temperatures. At 60 °C, the initial discharge capacity of 77 mAh g−1 decreases notably to 28 mAh g−1 in the second cycle, whereas performance at 30 °C remains more stable around 25 mAh g−1. Three-electrode measurement suggests increasing overpotentials at the Mg anode as a key factor in the capacity degradation. Further analysis points to issues such as uneven Mg plating/stripping, surface pitting, and minor vanadium dissolution, contributing to impedance growth and cross-over effects. These are linked to cathode–electrolyte side reactions, particularly under high voltage. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of developing stable interphases to enhance the long-term performance of RMB full cells especially at elevated temperature.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Electrolyte, Cathode, Degradation, Magnesium Battery

Date published: 2025-08-04

Publisher: Wiley

Journal:

• Advanced Science (ISSN: 21983844) vol. 12 issue. 40 e11416

Funding:

• Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJGX23S1

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202511416

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Updated at: 2025-10-29 12:30:15 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-10-29 12:17:11 +0900