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説明:

Sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs) are attracting increasing attention as next-generation energy storage systems because they do not rely on rare metals. Hard carbon (HC) is considered their most promising anode material. By tailoring the pore structure by templating methods, HC materials with a high energy density have been developed for NIBs. However, further improvements are required to achieve the desired properties without compromising the excellent characteristics already achieved. This study aims to further increase the battery capacity of zinc oxide (ZnO)–templated HC using a simple phosphorus (P)-doping method. We investigated the effects of soaking in phosphoric acid and subsequent heat treatment on the carbon morphology and electrochemical properties. The results showed that P doping increased the battery capacity without altering the ZnO–templated HC morphology. Both the sloping and plateau regions of the capacity increased, suggesting that P doping promotes Na adsorption on the carbon surface and Na storage between the layers and in the pores. Furthermore, the types of P functional groups depended on the synthesis conditions and influence the battery performance. These findings show that surface modification with specific P functional groups can effectively increase the Na storage capability of HCs.

権利情報:

• Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
  

キーワード: Sodium-ion batteries, Hard carbon, Phoshorus doping, Anode, ZnO-templating

刊行年月日: 2026-03-01

出版者: The Carbon Society of Japan

掲載誌:

• Carbon Reports vol. 5 issue. 1 p. 40-47 050106

研究助成金:

• Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJGX23S4

原稿種別: 出版者版 (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

公開URL: https://doi.org/10.7209/carbon.050106

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更新時刻: 2026-03-09 11:48:34 +0900

MDRでの公開時刻: 2026-03-10 13:44:53 +0900