Vision of Life’s Code: Molecular Probe Nanoarchitectonics for Deep RNA/DNA Illumination

Linawati Sutrisno; Kewei Sun; Katsuhiko Ariga

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c22282

Journal article Vision of Life’s Code: Molecular Probe Nanoarchitectonics for Deep RNA/DNA Illumination

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Linawati Sutrisno, Kewei Sun, Katsuhiko Ariga. Vision of Life’s Code: Molecular Probe Nanoarchitectonics for Deep RNA/DNA Illumination. ACS Nano. 2026, 20 (8), 6493-6514. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c22282

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Visualization of RNA and DNA provides a window of opportunity for earlier detection of multiple diseases and approach to manipulate it before any pathological processes occur. Yet, current imaging systems often fail to meet these demands due to need of multiple RNA and DNA chemical probes, which increases experimental complexity, reduces awareness of false positives, and limits imaging accuracy in complex biosystems. In this progress, we identify the key challenges associated with using multiple probes for RNA and DNA imaging and analyze the mechanisms and performance of existing imaging tools. This article also introduces a conceptual framework and proposes a multidisciplinary framework to guide the next generation of imaging technologies. Furthermore, we highlight how nanoarchitectonics-based molecular design can enable single-step, multiplexed RNA–DNA imaging. Our goal is to provide valuable resource for both biologists and probe developers for choosing the suitable molecular probes and further advance their design, from initial concepts to commercial products—all from a biologist’s perspective.

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