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Description:

Strain engineering in two-dimensional (2D) materials enables control over topological states, carrierbehaviour, and bandgap properties, opening new functionalities for nanodevices. A core need towardadvanced applications is stable, atomically thin 2D structures which sustain large strains. Amongvarious strained architectures, nanoscale non-uniform biaxially strained domes, which form wheneither gases, liquids, or contaminants are trapped beneath 2D crystals are a promising candidate.Domes manifest due to the interplay between elasticity, trapped matter, and van der Waals forces. This review summarises dome fabrication strategies, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, highlighting proton irradiation as a promising route for spatially patterned, highly pressurised domes with varying geometry and well-defined strain profiles. Domes exhibit constant height-to-radius ratios and stable strain profiles and serve as platforms for probing pseudomagnetic fields, exciton transport, adhesion mechanics, etc. Large non-uniform biaxial strain makes 2D domes promising candidates for next-generation nanodevices, which exhibit advanced material properties.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Transition Metal Dichalcogenide, Nanodome, Engineering, 2D device

Date published: 2025-12-12

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• npj 2D Materials and Applications (ISSN: 23977132) vol. 9 issue. 1 111

Funding:

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00628-3

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Updated at: 2025-12-23 09:23:34 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-23 12:19:53 +0900