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Electrochemical lithiation of single-crystal silicon (c-Si) electrodes with different surface orientations of (110), (100), and (111) was studied in an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery configuration. A lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) solid-electrolyte layer was sputter-deposited on the c-Si wafer, and a piece of Li metal foil was further incorporated to yield a solid-state half-cell with a configuration of c-Si/LiPON/Li. After electrochemical lithiation, their cross sections were analyzed using various techniques. Amorphous lithium silicide (a-LixSi) layers were generated at the c-Si/ LiPON interface due to the insertion of lithium-ion from LiPON to c-Si lattices, followed by amorphization. Whereas a-Li∼1Si was the predominant LixSi species in the lithiated Si(110) and (100), two distinct LixSi species, barely lithiated a-Li∼0Si and almost fully lithiated a-Li∼3.4Si, formed in the lithiated Si(111) electrodes.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: All-solid-state batteries, single crystal, Si anode

Date published: 2025-12-12

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal:

• ACS Energy Letters (ISSN: 23808195) p. 6549-6556

Funding:

• Japan Science and Technology Agency JPMJPF2016

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02573

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Updated at: 2025-12-13 08:30:31 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-13 08:22:19 +0900