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Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) alloys have long been the backbone of thermoelectric technology, driving breakthroughs in solid-state refrigeration and possible power generation for over 60 years.1-3 With continuous advancements in both n-type (Bi2Te3–xSex) and p-type (BixSb2–xTe3) compositions, Bi2Te3 continues to elevate thermal efficiency (η) and enhance the performance (COP) of cooling systems, reigning as the present champion material in commercial Peltier modules, or thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Compact and reliable, TECs leverage the Peltier effect for precise micro-cooling in compact spaces, making them ideal for optoelectronics, wearable tech, and medical devices. The need for such TECs and relatively low temperature energy harvesting is intensifying, and also stimulating research into novel replacement materials like Mg3(Sb, Bi)2.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: thermoelectric

Date published: 2024-12-30

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Journal:

• National Science Review (ISSN: 2053714x) vol. 12 issue. 1 nwae445

Funding:

• JST-Mirai Program JPMJMI19A1

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae445

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Updated at: 2025-11-11 12:30:27 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-11-11 12:22:35 +0900