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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two representative one-dimensional (1D) graphitic materials, have attracted tremendous research interests due to their promising applications for future high-performance nanoelectronics. Although various methods have been developed for fabrication of GNRs or CNTs, a unified method allowing controllable synthesis of both of them, as well as their heterojunctions, which could largely benefit for their nano-electronic applications, is still lacking. Here, we report on a generic growth of 1D carbon using nanoparticles catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates. Relative ratio of the yielded GNRs and CNTs is able to be arbitrarily tuned by varying the growth temperature or feeding gas pressures. The tunability of the generic growth is quantitatively explained by a competitive nucleation theory: nucleation into either GNRs or CNTs by the catalysts is determined by the free energy of their formation, which is controlled by growth conditions. Under the guidance of the theory, we further realized growth of GNR/CNT intramolecular junctions through changing H2 partial pressures during a single growth process. Our study provides not only a universal and controllable method for growing 1D carbon nanostructures, but also a deep understanding of their growth mechanism, which could largely benefit for future carbon-based electronics and optoelectronics.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Graphene nanoribbons, carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition

Date published: 2023-03-15

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• Scientific Reports (ISSN: 20452322) vol. 13 issue. 1 4328

Funding:

• the Development Scholarship for Outstanding Ph.D. of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan 19H05790
• the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan 20H00354
• the Institute for Basic Science of South Korea IBS-R019-D1
• National Key Research and Development Program of China No. 2021YFA1202902
• National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 12074244
• the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory No.2021SLABFK07
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University 21X010200846
• “Shuguang Program” supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
• Shanghai talent program

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31573-0

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Updated at: 2025-02-23 22:48:47 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-02-23 22:48:47 +0900