Article State change of Na clusters in hard carbon electrodes and increased capacity for Na-ion batteries achieved by heteroatom doping

Hideka Ando ORCID ; Kenjiro Hashi SAMURAI ORCID (National Institute for Materials ScienceROR) ; Shinobu Ohki SAMURAI ORCID (National Institute for Materials ScienceROR) ; Yoshikiyo Hatakeyama ORCID ; Yuta Nishina ORCID ; Norihiro Kowata ; Takahiro Ohkubo ORCID ; Kazuma Gotoh ORCID

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Hideka Ando, Kenjiro Hashi, Shinobu Ohki, Yoshikiyo Hatakeyama, Yuta Nishina, Norihiro Kowata, Takahiro Ohkubo, Kazuma Gotoh. State change of Na clusters in hard carbon electrodes and increased capacity for Na-ion batteries achieved by heteroatom doping. Carbon Trends. 2024, 16 (), 100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100387
SAMURAI

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(abstract)

Although heteroatom doping is one of the effective methods to improve the capacity of hard carbon (HC) anode in Na-ion batteries (NIBs), the complicated structure of HCs makes it uncertain to understand the effects of heteroatom doping on sodium storage. In this study, we reveal the impact of phosphorus and sulfur doping to HC on sodium storage using solid-state NMR to improve the capacity of the HC prepared by the carbonization of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) resin at 1100C. The battery capacity of the HCs, especially plateau capacity, increased by heteroatom doping, whereas the interlayer distance of the carbon layers in the HCs did not expand significantly. 23Na solid-state NMR revealed that heteroatom doping facilitates the formation of quasi-metallic sodium clusters, contributing to the plateau capacity increase. The metallicity of the sodium clusters in heteroatom-doped HCs was controlled by the amount of doped-phosphorous. XPS and 31P NMR observed many phosphorous in carbon structure such as PR3 sites, and some oxidized phosphorous sites (-POx).

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Keyword: Na-ion batteries, NMR

Date published: 2024-07-27

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Journal:

  • Carbon Trends (ISSN: 26670569) vol. 16 100387

Funding:

  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

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First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100387

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Updated at: 2024-08-23 08:30:15 +0900

Published on MDR: 2024-08-23 08:30:15 +0900

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