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説明:

Although heteroatom doping is one of the effective methods to improve the capacity of hard carbon (HC) anode in Na-ion batteries (NIBs), the complicated structure of HCs makes it uncertain to understand the effects of heteroatom doping on sodium storage. In this study, we reveal the impact of phosphorus and sulfur doping to HC on sodium storage using solid-state NMR to improve the capacity of the HC prepared by the carbonization of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) resin at 1100C. The battery capacity of the HCs, especially plateau capacity, increased by heteroatom doping, whereas the interlayer distance of the carbon layers in the HCs did not expand significantly. 23Na solid-state NMR revealed that heteroatom doping facilitates the formation of quasi-metallic sodium clusters, contributing to the plateau capacity increase. The metallicity of the sodium clusters in heteroatom-doped HCs was controlled by the amount of doped-phosphorous. XPS and 31P NMR observed many phosphorous in carbon structure such as PR3 sites, and some oxidized phosphorous sites (-POx).

権利情報:

• Creative Commons BY-NC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
  

キーワード: Na-ion batteries, NMR

刊行年月日: 2024-07-27

出版者: Elsevier BV

掲載誌:

• Carbon Trends (ISSN: 26670569) vol. 16 100387

研究助成金:

• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
• Japan Science and Technology Agency

原稿種別: 出版者版 (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

公開URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100387

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更新時刻: 2024-08-23 08:30:15 +0900

MDRでの公開時刻: 2024-08-23 08:30:15 +0900