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We investigate the role of water in the ferroelectric behavior of networks compris- ing graphene nanoribbons integrated into field effect transistors. We propose that the collective behavior of water molecules influences the system’s dynamics, facilitated by fixed bridging water molecules between the layers and moving clusters formed by sur- rounding molecules. To gain a deeper understanding, we analyze the dependence of the observed phenomena on various factors, including the number of layers, temperature, and the application of external electric fields. Our experimental findings demonstrate that achieving temperature stability in the ferroelectric effect necessitates a minimum bilayer thickness. The experimental results provide compelling evidence for the pres- ence of the remnant field, in line with the findings obtained from the simulations. This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing the ferroelectric behavior in graphene nanoribbons and offers insights for the design of ferroelectric heterostruc- tures and neuromorphic circuits.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: graphene nanoribbon, ferroelectricity
, water molecule dynamics


Date published: 2025-12-09

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• Nature Communications (ISSN: 20411723) vol. 16 issue. 1 10982

Funding:

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65922-6

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Updated at: 2026-02-18 08:30:16 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-02-17 17:57:18 +0900