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ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of carbonate content on the corrosion resistance and osteoclastic resorbability of carbonate apatite (CAp) coatings for biodegradable Mg alloys, polarization, electrochemical impedance (EI), and osteoclast precursor cell culture tests were conducted for CAp-coated pure Mg (Mg) and Mg-4Y-3RE (WE43) containing approximately 11, 17, and 18 wt% carbonate. In Hanks’ solution, the polarization resistance (Rp) was higher than in 0.9% NaCl solution, and the CAp coatings improved the Rp of Mg by 7 to 15 times. The Rp of CAp-coated Mg increased by approximately 1.5 times in 0.9% NaCl solution and 2 times in Hanks’ solution with increasing carbonate content, indicating a reduction in coating defects. For CAp-coated Mg, osteoclasts only survived on higher carbonate content coating. For WE43, the coating with higher carbonate content exhibited a higher number of mature osteoclasts and approximately a 1.5-fold increase in the resorbed area by osteoclasts. These findings demonstrate that the carbonate content in the CAp coating allows for the adjustment of the corrosion rate of biodegradable Mg alloys to suit the affected part of the body. It was also found that once osteoclasts are induced, the CAp coating with higher carbonate content is resorbed more quickly by the osteoclasts.

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• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: carbonate apatite coating, carbonate content, corrosion, bioabsorption, biomedical magnesium alloys, calcium phosphate

Date published: 2026-01-12

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal:

• ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (ISSN: 23739878) vol. 12 issue. 1 p. 322-334

Funding:

• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology JPMXP1224NM5085
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23K23066

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6142

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01706

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Updated at: 2026-01-19 10:10:38 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-01-19 12:21:46 +0900