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Description:

MXenes such as Ti₃C₂Tₓ and Ti₃CNTₓ are two‑dimensional materials whose surface terminations (Tₓ) passivate the otherwise reactive Ti surface. Tailoring this surface chemistry to anchor target molecules is a promising route to improve visible‑light‑to‑electricity conversion. Here, we report a covalent functionalization strategy that modifies the Tₓ terminations of Ti₃C₂Tₓ or Ti₃CNTₓ with alkyl amines, followed by coupling to a Zn‑porphyrin. This approach activates the optical response of MXenes without structural damage. Covalent attachment is confirmed by X‑ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy, while thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and complementary techniques provide additional insight into structural and chemical changes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements reveal photoinduced carrier injection into the MXenes, consistent with enhanced conductivity under illumination. Photodetectors fabricated from these films exhibit responsivities of 1.4–15.0 A W⁻¹ and external quantum efficiencies of 1300–2830% across the visible range, comparable to established hybrid 2D nanomaterials such as MoS₂ and WS₂.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Functionalization, spectroscopy

Date published: 2025-08-03

Publisher: Wiley

Journal:

• Small (ISSN: 16136810) vol. 21 issue. 38 e03895

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Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202503895

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Updated at: 2025-12-24 13:50:44 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-24 16:20:29 +0900