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Hybridization chain reaction (HCR), which typically consists of two hairpins for signal amplification, has emerged as a versatile tool in bioanalytical applications. Here, a novel HCR nanowire based on a single DNA hairpin structure is reported. The hairpin stem is rationally engineered with a palindromic sequence, which enables a self-hybridization chain reaction (SHCR) upon the introduction of the initiator DNA strand. Compared to the conventional two hairpin-based HCR nanowire, the single DNA hairpin-based SHCR nanowire achieves nearly a two-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio and exhibits better selectivity for single-base mismatch. By integrating the initiator DNA strand with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamer, the single DNA hairpin-based nanowire has been applied for sensitive ATP detection, capable of monitoring ATP both in living cells and that released from dead cancer cells post-radiotherapy. The SHCR nanowire we proposed here has significantly simplified the sequence design of HCR and holds promise as a potential alternative to the conventional HCR nanowire.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: DNA nanowire, self-hybridization chain reaction, biosensor, ATP detection, cell death detection

Date published: 2026-12-31

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Journal:

• Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (ISSN: 14686996) vol. 27 issue. 1 2619337

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6232

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2026.2619337

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Updated at: 2026-03-24 13:02:57 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-03-24 16:24:14 +0900