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Aggregation-induced optical phenomena are emerging as a central theme in modern materials science. In this study, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) was reacted with and encapsulated by melamine. Crystallization from aqueous tetrahydrofuran solutions containing melamine and TCNE at varying concentrations produced vividly colored crystals with multi-wavelength fluorescence emission. Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry identified these crystals as melamine incorporating trace amounts of 1,1,2,3,3-pentacyanopropenide. Fluorescence excitation–emission mapping revealed the concentration-dependent nature of the emission in both precursor solutions and the resulting crystals. Density functional theory calculations further attributed the multi-wavelength fluorescence to dimeric assemblies of the pentacyanopropenide. These findings demonstrate that encapsulating reactive molecules within crystalline melamine—exemplified here by pentacyanopropenide and its dimer—provides a general strategy for stabilizing otherwise unstable species while enabling unique optical responses.

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• cc-by-3.0
  

Keyword: Fuluorescence, time-resolved spectroscopy

Date published: 2025-07-03

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Journal:

• Materials Advances (ISSN: 26335409) vol. 6 issue. 17 p. 5884-5891

Funding:

• Grantová Agentura České Republiky 22-23407S
• Austrian Science Fund PIN9127924
• Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy V4-Japan/8F21010

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ma00400d

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Updated at: 2025-12-24 13:47:25 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-24 16:20:29 +0900