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Moiré superlattices of transitional-metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong electron–electron interaction that has led to experimental observations of Mott insulators and generalized Wigner crystals. In this Letter, we report direct measurements of the thermodynamic gaps of these correlated insulating states in a dual-gate WS2/WSe2 moiré bilayer. We employ microwave impedance microscopy to probe the electronic features in both the graphene top gate and the moiré bilayer, from which we extract the doping dependence of the chemical potential of the moiré bilayer and the energy gaps for various correlated insulating states utilizing the Landau quantization of graphene. These energy gaps vary across different locations on the samples but are relatively insensitive to the application of an external electric field or magnetic field to the WS2/WSe2 moiré bilayer.

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• In Copyright
  

  This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Article that appeared in final form in Nano Letters, copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society. To access the final published article see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c00795

Keyword: Moiré superlattices, Correlated insulating states, Microwave impedance microscopy

Date published: 2025-06-11

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal:

• Nano Letters (ISSN: 15306984) vol. 25 issue. 23 p. 9214-9220

Funding:

• New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation NYRPI-C150117
• Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation 1933214
• Division of Materials Research 1838443
• Division of Materials Research 1904716
• Division of Materials Research 1945420
• Division of Materials Research 2104805
• Division of Materials Research 2104902
• Division of Materials Research 2145735
• Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
• Basic Energy Sciences DOE-SC0020653
• Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-20-1-0179
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 20H00354
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21H05233
• Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23H02052
• Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems 2139692

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c00795

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Updated at: 2026-07-02 16:17:35 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-07-06 16:28:02 +0900