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Charged pi-electronic systems with hydrophilic substituents form lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) through charge-by-charge assembly driven by iπ–iπ interactions and hydrophobic effects. In this study, the positions and numbers of triethylene glycol (TEG) chains in amphiphilic porphyrin AuIII complexes are tuned to control their assembly modes. In combination with the π-electronic anion pentacyanocyclopentadienide (PCCp–), 5,15-TEG-aryl-substituted porphyrin AuIII complex generates lamello-columnar (Lamcol) phases via amphiphilic iπ–iπ interactions and proximal interactions at the unsubstituted sites. In the presence of water, the Lamcol phases, with lateral hydrophobic effects, exhibit transitions to nematic sheet (Nsheet) and isotropic sheet (Isosheet) phases depending on water content and temperature. The Lamcol phases align macroscopically under a magnetic field, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals monolayer sheet structures as key components of the LCLCs. These findings demonstrate a controllable charge-by-charge strategy for designing π-electronic LCLCs with tunable structural and phase behaviors.

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• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: amphiphilic i𝜋– i𝜋 interactions, charged 𝜋-electronic systems, ion-pairing assemblies, lateral hydrophobic effects, multi-directional organization

Date published: 2025-11-25

Publisher: Wiley

Journal:

• Small (ISSN: 16136810) vol. 22 issue. 3 e11729

Funding:

• JSPS JP23H04874 (メゾヒエラルキーの映像分子科学)

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202511729

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Updated at: 2026-01-15 11:12:39 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-01-15 12:22:35 +0900