Article Engineering anisotropic electrodynamics at the graphene/CrSBr interface

Daniel J. Rizzo ; Eric Seewald ; Fangzhou Zhao ; Jordan Cox ; Kaichen Xie ; Rocco A. Vitalone ; Francesco L. Ruta ; Daniel G. Chica ; Yinming Shao ; Sara Shabani ; Evan J. Telford ; Matthew C. Strasbourg ; Thomas P. Darlington ; Suheng Xu ; Siyuan Qiu ; Aravind Devarakonda ; Takashi Taniguchi SAMURAI ORCID (National Institute for Materials Science) ; Kenji Watanabe SAMURAI ORCID (National Institute for Materials Science) ; Xiaoyang Zhu ; P. James Schuck ; Cory R. Dean ; Xavier Roy ; Andrew J. Millis ; Ting Cao ; Angel Rubio ; Abhay N. Pasupathy ; D. N. Basov

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Daniel J. Rizzo, Eric Seewald, Fangzhou Zhao, Jordan Cox, Kaichen Xie, Rocco A. Vitalone, Francesco L. Ruta, Daniel G. Chica, Yinming Shao, Sara Shabani, Evan J. Telford, Matthew C. Strasbourg, Thomas P. Darlington, Suheng Xu, Siyuan Qiu, Aravind Devarakonda, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Xiaoyang Zhu, P. James Schuck, Cory R. Dean, Xavier Roy, Andrew J. Millis, Ting Cao, Angel Rubio, Abhay N. Pasupathy, D. N. Basov. Engineering anisotropic electrodynamics at the graphene/CrSBr interface. Nature Communications. 2025, 16 (), 1853. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56804-y

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(abstract)

Graphene is a privileged 2D platform for hosting confined light-matter excitations known as surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs), as it possesses low intrinsic losses and a high degree of optical confinement. However, the isotropic nature of graphene limits its ability to guide and focus SPPs, making it less suitable than anisotropic elliptical and hyperbolic materials for polaritonic lensing and canalization. Here, we present graphene/CrSBr as an engineered 2D interface that hosts highly anisotropic SPP propagation across mid-infrared and terahertz energies. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate mutual doping in excess of 10^13 cm–2 holes/electrons between the interfacial layers of graphene/CrSBr. SPPs in graphene activated by charge transfer interact with charge-induced electronic anisotropy in the interfacial doped CrSBr, leading to preferential SPP propagation along the quasi-1D chains that compose each CrSBr layer. This multifaceted proximity effect both creates SPPs and endows them with anisotropic propagation lengths that differ by an order-of-magnitude between the in-plane crystallographic axes of CrSBr.

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Keyword: graphene/CrSBr interface
, anisotropic electrodynamics, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)


Date published: 2025-02-21

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

  • Nature Communications (ISSN: 20411723) vol. 16 1853

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Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

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First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56804-y

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Updated at: 2026-02-18 08:30:11 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-02-17 17:57:18 +0900

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