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Description:

Photons that acquire orbital angular momentum move in a helical path and are observed as a light ring. During helical motion, if a force is applied perpendicular to the direction of motion, an additional radial angular momentum is introduced, and alternate dark spots appear on the light ring. Here, a third, centrifugal angular momentum has been added by twisting the helical path further according to the three-step hierarchical assembly of helical organic nanowires. Attaining a third angular momentum is the theoretical limit for a photon. The additional angular momentum converts the dimensionless photon to a hollow spherical photon condensate with interactive dark regions. A stream of these photon condensates can interfere like a wave or disintegrate like matter, similar to the behavior of electrons.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: light–matter interaction, phase singularity, optical vortex, helical nanowire

Date published: 2023-01-05

Publisher: MDPI AG

Journal:

• Symmetry (ISSN: 20738994) vol. 15 issue. 1 158

Funding:

• Asian Office of Aerospace R&D FA2386-16-1-0003 (2016–2019)

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15010158

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Updated at: 2024-12-04 14:53:09 +0900

Published on MDR: 2024-12-04 14:53:09 +0900