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Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales are now being actively explored to enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. Realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. We experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel spatial light modulator based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe2 monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Operating at the fundamental limit of an atomically thin reflector, our approach opens the door for a new class of optical systems with potential applications ranging from rapidly switchable large-scale beam arrays to quantum metasurfaces.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Mold techniques, subwavelength, optical systems

Date published: 2022-06-14

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Journal:

• Nature Communications (ISSN: 20411723) vol. 13 issue. 1 3431

Funding:

• National Science Foundation PHY-1506284
• United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Laboratory W911NF1520067
• National Science Foundation PHY-1125846
• United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-17-1-0002

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29976-0

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Updated at: 2025-02-28 08:30:21 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-02-28 08:30:21 +0900