Article Development of ag/Ag2O/BiPO4/Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst for high-efficiency tetracycline removal: Characterization, degradation pathway and toxicity assessments

Hongjian Zhang ORCID ; Qiansu Ma ; Guangqi An ORCID ; Yunxin Zhu ORCID ; Xiang Sun ; Naoki Kawazoe SAMURAI ORCID ; Guoping Chen SAMURAI ORCID ; Yingnan Yang ORCID

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Hongjian Zhang, Qiansu Ma, Guangqi An, Yunxin Zhu, Xiang Sun, Naoki Kawazoe, Guoping Chen, Yingnan Yang. Development of ag/Ag2O/BiPO4/Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst for high-efficiency tetracycline removal: Characterization, degradation pathway and toxicity assessments. Environmental Functional Materials. 2025, 4 (1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2024.12.004

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(abstract)

Nowadays, tetracycline (TC) contamination of surface water has become a comprehensive environmental problem that threatens the health and survival of animals and humans. It is essential to develop an efficient, and sustainable wastewater treatment strategy. This study introduces a novel Ag/Ag2O/BiPO4/Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (ABC) scheme photocatalyst for high-efficiency TC removal under visible light. Optimized g-C3N4 doping facilitated the electron transfer and provided more reaction sites for TC removal. It showed high efficiency, stable TC degra dation activity and environmental adaptability. Moreover, the active reaction site on TC was predicted via DFT calculation. In addition, through the analysis of the intermediates identified by LC-MS, the photo-decomposition pathways of TC were proposed. Based on the results of free radical trapping experiments and ESR spectroscopy, the mechanism of TC degradation was suggested. Finally, a toxicity assessment based on the molecular fractals data was carried out. The developed ABC showed higher visible light absorbance, better e-hþ separation, and higher phase purity and crystallinity. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of scheme heterojunctions composite for efficient organic pollution degradation.

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Keyword: Photocatalysis, g-C3N4 doping, Z-scheme heterojunction, Tetracycline degradation, Intermediates identification

Date published: 2025-01-13

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Journal:

  • Environmental Functional Materials (ISSN: 27730581) vol. 4 issue. 1 p. 21-32

Funding:

  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 22H03778
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21k19628

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

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First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2024.12.004

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Updated at: 2026-01-18 08:30:04 +0900

Published on MDR: 2026-01-17 08:22:12 +0900

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