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Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel was manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) using gas atomized powders under various building conditions. Dense samples were obtained at an energy density of 111-125 J/mm3. As-built samples were subjected to a normalization and tempering heat treatments. The microstructure of the as-built sample exhibits a duplex structure, comprising coarse columnar δ-ferrite grains and fine martensite grains. In addition, a small amount of retained austenite phase was observed at the interface between δ-ferrite and martensite. The formation of δ-ferrite is attributed to the extremely rapid solidification that occurs during the LPBF process, while martensite is obtained through the phase transformation because of the thermal cycles experienced during the process. The area fraction of δ-ferrite and martensite can be controlled by adjusting the LPBF parameters. Typical as-built microstructure morphology characterized by the columnar δ- ferrite was eliminated after the heat treatments, resulting in a tempered martensitic microstructure that is identical with that obtained through the conventional process. However, an increase in prior austenite grain size was observed when the area fraction of δ-ferrite in the as-built condition was high, due to faster phase transformation kinetics of martensite than that of δ-ferrite during the normalization. This suggests that the prior austenite grain size can be controlled by optimizing the area fraction of δ-ferrite and martensite in the as-built microstructure.

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Keyword: Laser powder bed fusion, microstructure, heat resistant steel

Date published: 2024-10-15

Publisher: ASM International

Journal:

• Advances in Materials Technology for Power Plants (ISSN: 29944031) vol. 84871 p. 365-372

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Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0365

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Updated at: 2024-12-05 08:30:58 +0900

Published on MDR: 2024-12-05 08:30:58 +0900