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Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, so-called MXenes, hold significant promise as flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) in diverse applications. However, MXenes fall below the minimum requirements for industrial use, largely due to factors such as the quality of MXene flakes, electrical conductivity, optical conductivity, and transparent electrode fabrication techniques. In this study, we analyze the relationships among nanosheet size, DC- and optical conductivity and its ratio (𝜎𝐷𝐶/𝜎𝑜𝑝), and sheet resistance (Rs) of MXene TCEs based on data from published literature. Compared to Ti3C2Tx TCEs fabricated with low-quality, small-sized flakes ( < 1 μm, 𝜎𝐷𝐶/𝜎𝑜𝑝 < 10), those made with high-quality, large-sized nanosheets ( > 6 μm) with narrow size distributions (𝜎𝐷𝐶/𝜎𝑜𝑝 > 20) exhibit dramatically reduced Rs by several orders of magnitude while maintaining high transmittance. Nevertheless, the 𝜎𝐷𝐶/𝜎𝑜𝑝 of continuous Ti3C2Tx metallic TCEs saturates at ~24, fairly below the basic requirements for commercial TCEs. By integrating a metallic silver grid onto Ti3C2Tx TCEs, a remarkable 𝜎𝐷𝐶/𝜎𝑜𝑝 ratio of 330 has achieved, bringing MXene TCEs closer to fulfilling industrial application standards and inspiring greater confidence in their future adoption. Beyond the field of TCEs, the insights gained here could inspire advancements in other areas, such as optoelectronic devices, flexible displays, and energy-efficient transparent technologies. This work provides a framework for the design and development of next-generation transparent conductive materials with broad implications across various scientific and industrial domains.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-NC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Transparent conductive electrodes, Mxenes, figure of merit, percolation, theoretical limitation

Date published: 2025-12-31

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Journal:

• Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (ISSN: 14686996) vol. 26 2597556

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.6017

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2597556

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Updated at: 2025-12-15 14:59:48 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-12-18 19:08:22 +0900