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Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering spectroscopy has transformed trace analyte detection by harnessing localized surface plasmon resonance. Hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes have been shown to further improve enhancement factors by tailoring the resonant wavelength. Here, we use a surface lattice resonance-based platform tuned to amplify the Stokes-shifted Raman emission band produced by using capillarity-assisted Ag nanoparticle assembly. Additionally, we transferred graphene onto these substrates to evaluate its effect on the long-term retention of the analyte signal. We monitored the Raman signature of 2-naphthalenethiol on substrates with and without transferred graphene sheets over 1 year since initial exposure. Signal intensities from both the unprotected (U) and graphene-protected (G) samples were projected onto the principal components to evaluate the spectral traits and monitor how the spectra change over time. The results showed that both U and G samples initially exhibited a detection score of approximately 80%. While the U sample completely lost its Raman signal after 300 days, the G sample retained a detection score of about 30%, which remained stable even after 344 days. We attribute the retained signal on the G substrate to two phenomena: (i) graphene prevents the degradation of plasmonic particles and (ii) helps retain the analyte on the substrate. Moreover, the ratio of Raman peaks coinciding with the lattice resonance vs off-resonance peaks was higher compared to a reference measurement. This underscores the potential of graphene–silver hybrid platforms for applications requiring sustained analyte signature, where a long shelf life and prolonged detection over time could facilitate repeated measurements or continuous monitoring without the need for frequent sample replacement on site.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Plasmonics, Surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Nanoparticle array

Date published: 2025-08-21

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Journal:

• The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (ISSN: 19327447) vol. 129 issue. 33 p. 14983-14992

Funding:

• Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba MERANET-222

Manuscript type: Publisher's version (Version of record)

MDR DOI:

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c02135

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Updated at: 2025-09-03 16:30:22 +0900

Published on MDR: 2025-09-03 16:18:51 +0900