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National Institute for Materials Science

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[Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/878495ab-a533-4382-8d04-1bbf7b6d8240)

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Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 1-6 n型Pb0.5Sn0.5Teの熱電特性 Thermoelectric properties of n-type Pb0.5Sn0.5Te 今井義雄, 磯田幸宏， 篠原嘉一 Yoshio Imai, Yukihiro Isoda, Yoshikazu Shinohara  We performed carrier concentration controlled by impurity addition about Pb0.5Sn0.5Te, in order to make p-type and n-type into the same coefficient of thermal expansion. In SnTe, the carrier is considered to generate from the gap of composition. Consequently, carrier concentration decreased by various impurities addition. Carrier concentration of Pb0.5Sn0.5Te was controlled by Zr addition. Pb0.5Sn0.5Te has controlled by Zr addition from 8.4*10**25/m**3 of hole concentration to 1.4*10**25/m**3 of electron concentration. n-type 0.5at% Zr addition Pb0.5Sn0.5Te showed the biggest effective maximum power. Since p-type Pb0.5Sn0.5Te has the small energy gap, and mobility is also smaller than the electron, the temperature which becomes the intrinsic region against carrier concentration becomes low. Therefore, stepwise FGM has to make in the three or more steps. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 7-12 放電プラズマ焼結によるBa充填スクッテルダイトの作成と熱電特性 Preparation and Thermoelectric properties of Ba-filled skutterudites by spark plasma sintering 永岡久典, 若槻真知子, 北川裕之, 長谷崎和洋, 野田靖稔 Hisnori Nagaoka, Kazuhiro Hasezaki, Machiko Wakatsuki, Noriyuki Kitagawa, Yasutoshi Noda  Ba-filled skutterudites, BayFe8-xCoxSb24 (x=0-8, y=0.5-2), were prepared by direct melting and sintering using spark plasma sintering apparatus, X-ray diffraction patterns show that Ba atoms fill the voids of the skutterudite structure and the lattice parameter changes depend on both x and y. BayFe8-xCoxSb24 compounds have p-type conduction, except for Ba0.5Fe8Sb24. The hole cattier concentration can be controlled by the valence electron count (VEC) in the unit cell and the Ba filling number y. As a result, p-type thermoelectric materials with a large power factor were obtained for the BayFe8-xCoxSb24 system. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 13-18 Beta-FeSi2/Mn界面の構造と熱電的性質 Structure and Thermoelectric Property in the Beta-FeSi2/Mn Interface 羽坂雅之, 森村隆夫, 渡辺哲也, 大石教博 Masayuki Hasaka, Takao Morimura, Tetsuya Watanabe, Norihiro Ohishi  Mutual diffusion technique between FeSi2 and Mn was used to develop graded functionally thermoelectric materials. The sequence of FeSi2/Fe-rich Fe1-xMnxSi/Mn-rich Fe1-xMnxSi/Mn-rich inter-metallic compounds/Mn was found after mutual diffusion at an interface of the FeSi2/Mn joint, using transmission electron microscopic and energy disperse X-ray analyses. The constitution of FeSi2/Fe1-xMnxSi was found after sintering the compact discs of FeSi2 and Mn powders, using X-ray diffraction analyses. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor at room temperature were investigated in the compact discs after sintering. The power factor reached a maximum at a proper Mn concentration for small size of Mn powder particles. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 19-23 Beta-FeSi2の熱電的性質に及ぼすAg添加効果 The Effect of Ag addition on Thermoelectric Property in Beta-FeSi2 渡辺哲也,中島弘道,羽坂雅之,森村隆夫 Tetsuya Watanabe, Hiromichi Nakashima, Masayuki Hasaka, Takao Morimura  The graded structures and thermoelectric property of Beta-FeSi2/Ag after mutual diffusion were investigated by IMA and TEM-EDX analyses, and measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Most of Ag did not dissolve in Beta-FeSi2, although Ag slightly diffused into Beta-FeSi2 with a diffusion coefficient of DAg=0.011exp(-235/RT)cm**2s**-1, where R=8.31*10**-3 kJ*mol**-1*K**-1. The graded structure consisted of Beta-FeSi2/epsilon-FeSi/Ag alloy/Ag for Co-doped (beta)-FeSi2, and (Beta)FeSi2/Si/Ag alloy/ Ag for Mn-doped Beta-FeSi2 by mutual diffusion between Beta-FeSi2 and Ag.  The graded structure was Beta-FeSi2/Ag alloy in the equilibrium state, which appeared in spin-cast ribbons after annealing. The Seebeck coefficient of the ribbon remained constant independently of Ag concentration for Co-doped Beta-FeSi2, whereas it decreased rapidly with an increasing Ag concentration for Mn-doped Beta-FeSi2. The graded structure during mutual diffusion appeared in the discs, which were fabricated by sintering of Co-doped Beta-FeSi2 and Ag powders. The power factor reached a maximum at 3at%Ag in the discs. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 24-28 Fe/Si界面における鉄シリサイドのTEM観察 TEM observation of iron-silicide in the Fe/Si interface 森村隆夫, 羽坂雅之, 波多野真人 Takao Morimura, Masayuki Hasaka, Masato Hatano  In this work, Fe was evaporated on a (001) Si wafer in a vacuum, and iron silicides were produced on the Fe/Si interface by annealing at 973K, 1073K and 1373K. Observations of the microstructures and the measurement of the compositions were performed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The alpha-Fe2Si5 particles were observed in the Si substrate at all temperatures, although alpha-Fe2Si5 should be unstable at 973K and 1073K. The crystallographic relations between Si and alpha-Fe2Si5 were (111)Si ||(112)alpha and [-110]Si||[0-21]alphaFe3Si and Fe2Si phases were observed in the evaporated Fe layer. The Beta-FeSi2 phase were observed only at 973K. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 29-34 放電プラズマ焼結を用いたW-C二元FGM合金の作製 Fabrication of W-C Binary FGM Alloys Using Spark Plasma Sintering  Beata Mcherzynska, Kiyotaka Matsuura Beata Mcherzynska, Kiyotaka Matsuura  For combustion-synthesizing W-C FGM alloys the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method was used. To establish a fundamental base of processing of the FGM alloys, samples with different carbon fractions from 10 at% up to 60 at% were produced and some properties of the individual samples were investigated. A correlation was been found between the carbon fraction and hardness, microstructure and constituting phases after the combustion synthesis reaction. The hardness diametrically decreased. Finally, FGM samples with a graded carbon fraction with 10, 30 and 50 at% were produced. The mechanical properties of the FGM samples changed with the carbon fraction. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 35-40 骨組織再生用傾斜機能型GTR膜の試作 Fabrication of Functionally Graded GTR Membrane for Bone Tissue Regeneration 亘理文夫, 蓼素三, 崔福斎 Fumio Watari, Susan Liao, Fuzai Cui  The concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs) have been applied for bio-medical use, such as dental implant, dental core and post, and in the present study for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes.Biodegradable GRT membrane composed of nano HAP/collagen reinforced with PLGA was prepared. The membrane has the three-layer structure with the thickness of about 100 micrometer for each where the composition of HAP/collagen is increased from pure PLGA. The face of inner side is composed of 8% nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (nCHAC/PLGA) porous membrane, and the opposite side of pure PLGA non-porous membrane, with the middle layer of 4% nCHAC/PLGA as the transition. The graded membrane structure could give the different functions of the high degradation speed and Ca ion release to enhance osteoconductivity for bone remodeling in the high HAO/collagen side and the relatively low degradability to prevent the ingrowth of fibroblasts in the pure PLGA side. The partially carbonated HAP (CHA) further lowered crystallinity, enhanced the easier degradation, high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. This biodegradable and functionally graded FG-GTR membrane has enough high mechanical properties with flexibility and strength for practical medical application by enforcement of PLGA. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 41-46 複合鋳込み遠心鋳造法によるAl-遷移金属合金傾斜機能材の凝固組織制御 Solidification-structure control of Al-Transition Metal Alloy FGMs by Centrifugal Duplex Casting 大参達也, 井口学 Tatsuya Ohmi, Manabu Iguchi  Centrifugal Duplex Casting (CDC) for producing a tubular FGM with an in-situ composite layer containing fine intermetallic crystals has been investigated. In the CDC process, two molten metals, i.e. the first melt (aluminum or a hypoeutectic aluminum alloy) and the second melt (a hypereutectic or hyperperitectic aluminum-transition metal alloy with a higher liquidus temperature), are poured in sequence at a given interval into a rotating mold of a centrifugal caster. The second melt collides with the first melt spinning in the mold, and is dispersed as fine fluid clumps. The fluid clumps of the second melt are rapidly quenched, migrate toward the outer periphery and accumulate to form the composite layer. The first melt in this process acts as a coolant. Therefore, lowering the enthalpy of the first melt is effective to refine the intermetallic crystals. For hyperperitectic Al-Cr alloys, a full-refined composite layer was produced by this technique. On the other hand, the composite layer in hypereutectic Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloy specimens consisted of the refined composite layer with fine intermetallic particles and the coarse composite layer with relatively coarse particles. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 47-52 添加元素の表面濃化によるAg合金スパッタ膜の特性改善 Improvement of Properties of Sputtered Ag Alloy Films by Surface Condensation of Additional Elements. 村田英夫 Hideo Murata  The effect of adding several elements into sputtered Ag alloy films on reflection property was investigated in order to improve heat resistance for reflection films on flat panel display. However the properties of Ag alloy films were not enough by adding elements independently. Therefore Both of Sm and Cu were added into Ag alloy. In case of this AgSmCu alloys film, crystal grain growth of Ag films after heat treatment was suppressed and the surface of film remained flat. It was found that such AgSmCu alloy films has good heat resistance and high reflection. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 53-58 レーザーCVD法によるRhナノ粒子傾斜分散ZrO2膜の合成 Preparation of Rh nano-particle graded-dispersed ZrO2 films by laser CVD 木村禎一, 本田暁拡, 後藤孝 Teiichi Kimura, Akihiro Honda, Takasho Goto  Rh nano-particle dispersed ZrO2 composite films were prepared on alumina plates and inside of alumina tubes by laser CVD at various laser power (PL) and total pressure (Ptot). The films had a columnar microstructure and the growth direction of columns was perpendicular to the substrate surface. At Ptot=1.33 kPa, the film had a feather-like texture and the morphology was mainly controlled by Ar carrier gas flow rate. The films consisted of Rh nano-particles dispersed in a ZrO2 matrix and Rh particle size was several tens nm. The amount of Rh particles in the films was controlled by Zr to Rh precursor ratio, and Rh nano-particles were gradedly dispersed in the ZrO2 matrix. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 59-64 C/C-SiC複合材小型ノズルの燃焼ガス加熱試験 Combustion Gas Heating Tests of C/C-SiC Small Nozzles 佐藤正喜, 森谷信一, 佐藤政裕, 只野真, 升岡正, 吉田誠, 熊川彰長 Masaki Sato, Shin-ichi Moriya, Masahiro Sato, Makoto Tadano, Tadashi Masuoka, Makoto Yoshida, Akinaga Kumakawa  Carbon fiber / carbon matrix composites coated with silicone carbide (C/C-SiC) are considered to be the most appropriate materials for extendible nozzle of booster rocket engines due to their mechanical and thermal properties. However, the thermal stress due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between C/C composites and SiC layer can cause delaminations. In order to evaluate the durability of C/C-SiC, cyclic heating tests of small nozzle shaped specimen were conducted using LOX (liquid oxygen)/GH2 (gaseous hydrogen) combustion gas. In the firing tests, two different C/C-SiC materials were tested. With the aim of relaxing the thermal stress, an intermediate layer between C/C and SiC was introduced in one specimen, and another had no intermediate layer. As the result of cyclic heating tests, the C/C-SiC with an intermediate layer showed higher durability and the possibility of an application to reusable extendible nozzle was demonstrated. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 65-68 2005年度FGMデータベースの運営管理報告 Administration of Functionally Graded Materials Database in FY2005 木皿且人, 紺野智美, 新野正之 Katsuto Kisara, Tomomi Konnno, Masayuki Niino  We made a report on the administration and management of the FGM database that has been opened publicly since 2002, (referred as FGMsDB, operated by JAXA), in a domestic FGM symposium last year.  As well, we will report focusing on library update, preparation of the database and reading material contents for promotion of FGM application and results from access logs analysis in comparison with those from the last year. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 69-74 高C-高Cr系合金鋼の機械的性質とミクロ組織の解析第一報　オーステナイト化条件とミクロ組織 Mechanical property and micro-metallography of high C-high Cr alloy steel 1st report Austenitization and its microstructure 八十致雄, 森戸茂一, 大庭卓也, 久保田邦親 Muneo Yaso, Sigekazu Morito, Takuya Ohba, Kunichika Kubota  Due to the excellent hardenability and wear resistance, high C- high Cr steels are widely applied for cold pressed and cold forged components in the automotive and electrical equipment industries. In recent years, however, its market has increasingly demanded improvements of machinability, toughness and resistance to tempering softening. Moreover, the demands shift from conventional high C-12Crsteel to high C-8Cr steel.In present study, we investigated the microstructure of martensite and retained austenite in the high C-high Cr steels austenitized at various temperatures. It was found that the amount of solid solution carbon in the matrix increased with the austenitizing temperature and that the martensite morphology clearly changed from a lath to a lens form. The structures of the retained austenite have a film or block in shapes and the film austenites are located at the lath boundaries among martensites. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 75-80 放電プラズマ焼結法により試作した珪酸塩鉱物による水質改善 Water Quality Improvement Using Silicate Mineral Obtained in Accordance with the Spark Plasma Sintering Method 星村義一, 小林峻, 木下清 Yoishikazu Hoshimura, Shun Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Kinoshita  A project to obtain the sinters brought about by sintering the powders of a silicate mineral (K, Na)AlSiO4 in accordance with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method is now under way. Dipping the sinters obtained in such a manner into an aqueous solution makes it possible to provide the solution with minerals in a short amount of time. Thus, the effect of allowing pH to be raised is recognized. The effect of changing the sintering temperature helps control the pH and mineral constituents. In the cases of sinters obtained by adding various types of metals, e.g. the sinters obtained by adding Zn or Mg, a greater rising ratio of pH is noticed than in the cases of sinters composed exclusively of the silicate mineral. Furthermore with a Zn-added sinter, enhancement of durability in case of furnishing the sinter into an aqueous solution can be traced. Based on the results obtained as above, applications for the improvement of quality of mineral-contained drinking water or the like can be expected. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 81-86 表面処理性, 摩擦特性に優れる冷間工具鋼の開発 Development of Cold Work Tool Steel with High Suitability for Surface Treatment Technology and Superior Friction Behavior 久保田邦親, 阿部行雄, 小松原周吾 Kunichika Kubota, Yukio Abe, Shugo Komatsubara  The past development of die steel was concerned with the cases in which one or two properties were improved. However, the die and mold industry is exposed to the global competition, and is expected to satisfy two or more material properties which are not only the material performances such as strength and/or toughness, etc. but also the easiness of the die and mold manufacturing on the machining, heat-treatment, and the surface treatment recently.Then, we controlled the most kinds of alloying elements, which are contained in the tool steel, in the world by alloy design using computer, and developed a cold work tool steel with above-mentioned six superior properties including both performances and easiness of manufacturing. The friction behaviors of this material with and without surface treatment at practical or fundamental test are shown. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 87-90 鉛またはスズ添加によるp型Bi-Sb系熱電材料の作製 Preparation of Pb or Sn-doped p-type Thermoelectric Materials 北川裕之, 野口浩幸, 長谷崎和洋 Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Noguchi, Kazuhiro Hasezaki  Pb or Sn doped Bi88Sb12 alloys were prepared by direct melting, quenching, and annealing. Pb or Sn atoms were distributed almost uniformly in Bi88Sb12, while some segregation was confirmed at grain boundaries when heavily Pb or Sn was involved. Thermoelectric properties were investigated by measuring the Hall coefficients of Pb or Sn doped samples were positive at low temperatures, indication that the doping element acted as an acceptor. The large p-type power factor can be obtained at near 100K for Pb-doped alloys and at over 150K for Sn-doped alloys. This result suggests that the efficient p-type thermoelectric materials can be prepared by introducing the functionally graded structure in the temperature range from 50 to 200K. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 91-96 太陽光熱複合発電システムにおける熱電発電システムの研究開発 Research and Development of Thermoelectric Generation System for Solar Hybrid Generation System Utilizing Photovoltaics and Thermoelectrics 鈴木拓明,木皿且人,新野正之,石川東一郎,鈴木一行 Hiroaki Suzuki, Katsuto Kisara, Masayuki Niino, Toichiro Ishikawa, Kazuyuki Suzuki  We are investigating the solar hybrid generation system utilizing photovoltaic and thermoelectric in terms of effective utilization for solar energy. This generation system separates solar energy into light energy and heat energy, uses the light energy for photovoltaic generation, and uses the heat energy for thermoelectric generation. In the elemental study, the pilot unit composed of four solar energy condensers, a heat collector and two thermoelectric modulus was prepared, thermal and electrical properties of the thermoelectric generation system irradiated by sunray were evaluated. As a result, the temperature difference and the electrical power were obtained about 140deg.C and 2.4W. In the filed test, infrared ray separated by a cold-mirror was irradiated to the thermoelectric generation system. As a result, compatibility between the photovoltaic generation system and the thermoelectric generation system was confirmed. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 97-102 SPS法による組成傾斜Al-Si合金の作製 Fabrication of functioally graded Al-Si alloy by SPS 四ッ谷優,松浦清隆,大参達也 Yuh Yotsuya, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Tatsuya Ohmi  Rapidly solidified Al-Si alloy powder was sintered using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method and its mechanical properties were investigated. The bending strength of the SPS-ed sample increased with the SPS temperature and time, ranging from 200 to 500 MPa. This alloy was bonded with Al block by sintering the powder in contact with the Al block in the SPS mold. When the bonded samples were bent, they were not broken at the bonding interface but the Al bar was significantly deformed exhibiting the bending strength ranging from 180 to 250 MPa. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 103-108 プラズマCVD法によるSi微小突起上への球状炭素微粒子の成長 Growth of Spherical Carbon Particles on Si Microspikes by Plasma CVD 大塚恵祐,都田真人,清水智也,原田曠嗣,森谷明弘 Keisuke Otsuka, Masato Miyakoda, Tomoya Shimizu, Hiroshi Harada, Akihiro Moritani  Spherical carbon particles have been grown on Si microspikes substrates by dc plasma chemical vapor deposition. It is found that the size of the particles depends on the anisotropic etching to make the Si microspikes which determine the surface tension of the substrate on the particle growth. Raman scattering measurement of the particles has shown that they consist of graphite, diamond, transpolyacetylene and amorphous carbon. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 109-114 MOCVD法による傾斜組成生体適合性膜の作製 Preparation of Graded Biocompatible Films by MOCVD 佐藤充孝,塗溶,後藤孝,上田恭介,成島尚之 Mitsutaka Sato, Rong Tu, Takashi Goto, Kyosuke Ueda, Takayuki Narushima  Graded biocompatible Ca-Ti-O films were prepared by MOCVD. The phases, composition and morphology of Ca-Ti-O films changed depending on the molar ratio of Ca to Ti precursors (RCa/Ti), total pressure (Ptot) and substrate temperature (Tsub). CaTiO3 films in a single phase were obtained at Tsub=973 and 1073K. CaTiO3 films prepared at 873K had a dense and smooth surface. On the other hand, CaTiO3 films prepared at Tsub=1073K had complicated rough surface with a cauliflower-like texture. The graded texture of CaTiO3 films from fine to columnar grains was advantageous to good adherence for metal substrates. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) formed within 1 week on the CaTiO3 film prepared at Tsub=1073K. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 115-120 3DMWを用いたチタンへのアルミナイド被覆 Aliminide Coating on Titanium Surface Using 3DMW 水田直気, 松浦清隆, 桐原聡秀, 宮本欽生 Naoki Mizuta, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Soshu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyamoto  Intermetallics compounds of titanium aluminides such as TiAl have many attractive chemical and mechanical properties. Titanium aluminide coating on titanium surface will give good surface properties to titanium-based structural materials. In this study, a new coating method using a three-dimensional micro welder (3DMW) was studied. 3DMW is a computer aided micro TIG welder. Aluminum wire was fed on to a surface of a titanium substrate and melted together with a small area of the titanium surface by the 3DMW to form an intermetallic liquid pool, which solidified into a coating bead. The coating consisted of a few different layers. XRD and EPMA results revealed that the coating consisted of TiAl3, TiAl, and Ti3Al layers from the surface to substrate side. Vickers hardness of the coating layers was 350-800 HV, which was much higher than the hardness of the substrate, 200 HV. Wear resistance of coating layer was significantly excellent compared with the substrate. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 121-126 TiB2粒子分散FeAl基FGMの燃焼合成 Combustion Synthesis of TiB2 Particle Dispersed FeAl-based FGMs 小原裕樹, 松浦清隆 Yuki Obara, Kiyotaka Matsuura  FeAl-TiB2 composite alloys have been produced by combustion synthesis, or SHS, from the elemental powders of Fe, Al, Ti and B. By changing the composition of the powder mixture, TiB2 volume fraction in the composite was changed. Metallographic investigations and chemical analyses using XRD and EPMA for the combustion-synthesized samples revealed that fine TiB2 particle dispersed FeAl-based composites were produced. Furthermore, the estimated TiB2 volume fraction was gradually changed from 0 to 0.8 from the top to the bottom of the powder compact having a cylindrical shape by changing the composition of the powder mixture. The increase in TiB2 volume fraction from 0 to 0.8 brought about the increases in TiB2 particle size from 1 to 6 micrometer and Vickers hardness of the composite from 600 to 1700 HV. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 127-133 細孔反応法にて作製したNi-Al系繊維強化傾斜材料の微細組織と機械的性質 Microstructure and Mechanical Propreties of Fiber Reinforced FGM Fabricated by the Reaction at Narrow Holes Method 佐藤尚, 権田信吾, 渡辺義見, 田中泰彦, 梶原正憲 Hisashi Sato, Shingo Gonda, Yoshimi Watanabe, Yasuhiko Tanaka, Masanori Kajihara  The reaction at narrow holes (RANH) method has been proposed for fabricating intermetallic fiber reinforced metal. Because the RANH is controlled by diffusion, deformation for specimen before RANH would accelerate the reaction. In this study, using swaged specimens of Ni inserted a pure Al fiber, effects of swaging treatment on RANH were investigated. Nickel-Aluminide fiber with graded microstructure was formed in Ni matrix by heat treated at 660 deg.C for 30min. This reaction temperature is much lower than that of no swaged specimen. This means that swaging treatment for specimen accelerates RANH. Using the RANH method and the swaging treatment, a tensile specimen of Nickel-Aluminide fiber/nickel functionally graded material (FGM) was fabricated and was tensile tested. From result, it was found that Nickel-Aluminide fibers in Ni matrix improve the strength of Ni matrix. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 134-139 金属粉末焼結体内のマイクロチャンネル形成に及ぼす金属種の影響 Influence of Kinds of Base Metal and Sacrificial-Core Metal on Microchannel Formation in Metallic Sintered Compacts 佐藤まどか,大参達也,井口学,松浦清隆 Madoka Sato, Tatsuya Ohmi, Manabu Iguchi, Kiyotaka Matsuura  We investigated a powder-metallurgical microchanneling process with various base metals and a copper sacrificial core. A base-metal powder compact including a thin copper wire was sintered at a temperature above the melting point of copper to produce a microchannel and the lining layer surrounding the microchannel. Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Ti were examined as the base metal. The structure of the lining layer varied depending on the combination of the base metal and the sacrificial-core metal. These structures were classified according to the two factors of microchanneling, i.e., infiltration and diffusion. The Cu concentration profiles in the lining layers indicate that the main factor in the Cr-Cu and Fe-Cu specimens was infiltration. In the Co-Cu and Ti-Cu specimens, diffusion also played an important role. The microchannel formation was not observed only in the Ni-Cu specimen in which neither of the factors acted. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 140-151 たたら製鉄と和鋼と日本刀-傾斜機能材料の視点からみた日本刀- Tatara iron making method and Japanese steel and Japanese swords~Discussing on Japanese swords from the point of view of FGM concept~ 八十致雄 Muneo YASO  In Japan, we have a culture of iron making which had been brought from Chinese continent and Korean Peninsula.  Based on the culture, Japan newly developed their own smelting process, "Tatara-iron making method," in old times.  Production of high quality Japanese  Steels called "Wakou" had been kept for 1000 years or more and ended in the mid Meiji era (end of 1800's-early 1900's).  Japanese Steel is used to Japanese swords, plane, chisel, kitchen knife and other commodities, and had greatly influenced our culture and history. Here, I'll describe features and histories of Tatara irons, "Wakou" and Japanese swords and report that this excellent technique and heritage of Tatara iron making is still living strongly in the San-in region, the west-north part of main island of Japan. Also, I'll discuss on Japanese swords of excellent sharpness and beautiful figures from a view point of material technology. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 152-155 SSPS(宇宙太陽光利用システム)実現性検討の現状 The Current State of JAXA's SSPS Study 斉藤由佳,藤田辰人,吉田裕之,森雅裕 Yuka Saito, Tatsuhito Fujita, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Masahiro Mori  n/a Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 156-157 レーザーSSPS利用を目指した光触媒による硫化水素からの水素製造 Hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide by the photocatalyst aiming at the laser SSPS use 田路和幸, 高橋英志, 横山俊, 新野正之, 初田洋司雄, 石川東一郎 Kazuyuki Tohji, Hideyuki Takahashi, Syun Yokoyama, Masyuki Niino, Yoshio Hatsuda, Toichiro Ishikawa   Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 158 宇宙放熱技術における熱電子冷却システムの適応性検討 Investigation on the Applicability of Thermionic Cooling System for Space Heat Radiation Technology 鈴木拓明, 木皿且人, 新野正之, 長谷崎和洋, Michael Gasik Hiroaki Suzuki, Katsuto Kisara, Masayuki Niino, Kazuhiro Hasezaki, Michael Gasik  - Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 159-166 FGMレーザー素子の概念　-フォトニック結晶構造のファイバーレーザーへの適用- A New Concept of Laser device with an FGM structure 篠原嘉一 Yoshikazu Shinohara  - Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 167-171 傾斜機能材料を使った商品化への取組み Coming to Grips with Development of the Goods Made of FGMs 中野光一, 中村憲和, 炭矢芳男 Kouichi Nakano, Norikazu Nakamura, Yoshio Sumiya  - Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 172-174 温熱間鍛造金型PVDコーティングの開発 Development of PVD Coating for Warm and Hot Forging Die 井上謙一, 井上健, 本田史明 Kenichi Inoue, Ken Inoue, Fumiaki Honda  - Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 20 (2006) Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 20, 2006 29 2006-12-31 175 熱電気変換システムの実用化への提言 Proposal for Practical Application of Thermoelectric Conversion System 中村恭之 Takayuki Nakamura  Thermoelectric conversion system is practically applied only to special occasions such as an assistant of solar power generation under space development and an individual power generation by gas heating on a huge place.   However, in the field of research on thermoelectric conversion elements, 5 years of study has been made on thermoelectric conversion using various materials by researchers.  In this paper, we propose problems on thermoelectric conversion system to be practically applied as universal energy system as solar photovoltaic generation is. Japanese