# Fileset [fgm-2009.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/e31cd9cd-0746-4acc-9e36-fb83422e141d/download) ## Creator National Institute for Materials Science ## Rights ## Other metadata [Functionally Graded Materials (2009)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/9e215345-a827-4c6a-bf50-e266a36540d9) ## Fulltext Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 1-6 熱電半導体の新材料設計指針による性能向上－キャリア散乱因子の変化によるゼーベック係数の増強－ Proposal of improving thermoelectric performance applied by new materials design concept-Enhancement of Seebeck coefficient changed by the scattering factor of carriers- 上田貴史，蘆田茉希，長谷崎和洋，野田泰稔島根大学総合理工学部 Takashi UEDA, Maki ASHIDA, Kazuhiro HASEZAKI, Yasutoshi NODAShimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan Bi2Te3-related thermoelectric semiconductors were prepared by the mechanical alloying (ＭＡ) and the vertical Bridgman methods (VBM). Structures and electric properties of these alloys were then investigated. These samples had ａ nominal composition of (Bi0.5Sb1.5)Te3.0 with 0.07 mass% excess tellurium. Average grain sizes of MA and VBM samples were 2.8μｍ and several mm, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient of MA and VBM samples were 270μV/K and 170μV/K at room temperature, respectively. By estimating the slope of carrier mobility versus temperature the carrier scattering factor of the MA and VBM samples were estimated to be -2.1 and -0.6. The maximum figure of merit obtained for the MA sample was 4.1×10-3K-1 at 310K and this was about six times the 0.65×10-3K-1 at 333K obtained for the VBM sample. The high thermoelectric performance can be established by not only reduced phonon component of thermal conductivity but also enhanced Seebeck coefficient due to increased absolute scattering factor for finely grained samples prepared by MA. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 7-12 High Pressure Torsion 法によるBi2Te3系熱電材料の結晶粒微細化及び結晶配向性の向上 Grain refinement and forming preferred orientation of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric semiconductor by high pressure torsion 蘆田茉希 1)，濱千代崇 1)，長谷崎和洋 1)，松野下裕貴 2)，甲斐雅章 2)，堀田善治 2)1)島根大，2)九州大 Maki ASHIDA 1)，Takashi HAMACHIYO 1)，Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 1)，Hirotaka MATSUNOSHITA 2)，Masaaki KA 2)， Zenji HORITA 2)1) Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan2) Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819‘0395, Japan Prepared were p-type Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric semiconductors, having a grain-refined microstructure and ａ preferred orientation of anisotropic crystallographic structure. Disks with ａ nominal composition Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.0 were cut from an ingot grown by the vertical Bridgman method (VBM) and deformed at 473 K under a pressure of 6.0 GPa by high pressure torsion (HPT). The crystal orientation was characterized with X-ray diffraction. The microstructures were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the HPT disks had a fine and preferentially oriented grain compared to that of the VBM disks. Further, the power factor of the HPT disks was about twice as large as that of the VBM disks. These results indicate that HPT is effective for improving the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric semiconductors. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 13-18 アルミナ製ダイヤモンド型フォトニック結晶を用いた水溶液マイクロリアクターへのテラヘルツ波集光 Terahertz wave concentrations into micro reactors including water solvents introduced into alumina photonic crystals with diamond structures 太田憲利 1)，仁木俊樹 1)，桐原聡秀 2)1)大阪大，2)阪大接合研 Noritoshi OHTA 1），Toshiki NIKI 1），Soshu KIRIHARA 2）1） Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan2） Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Diamond photonic crystals with alumina micro lattices to reflect terahertz waves through Bragg diffraction were fabricated by using micro stereolithography of CAD/CAM systems and sintering processes. Micro acrylic cells including water solvents were put between the photonic crystals to realize multiple resonations of the terahertz wave in the liquid materials. The terahertz waves are well known to resonate with various types of protein and saccharide molecules, and expected to control the biological material syntheses through frequency excitements. The fabricated micro cells are considered to be applied for novel reactors to create useful materials through the terahertz wave. The electromagnetic　wave properties were measured by using a terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 19-24 FEM Modeling of Severe Plastic Deformation of Ti Wire Embedded in FGM Matrix Composite FEM Modeling of Severe Plastic Deformation of Ti Wire Embedded in FGM Matrix Composite Saifulnizan JAMIAN 1,2），Hisashi SATO 1），Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA 1） ，Yoshimi WATANABE 1）１） Nagoya Institute of technology, Japan2）Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Batu Pahat, Malaysia Saifulnizan JAMIAN 1,2），Hisashi SATO 1），Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA 1） ，Yoshimi WATANABE 1）１） Nagoya Institute of technology, Japan2）Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Batu Pahat, Malaysia Ａ novel technique of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) process Ｒ)r high-strength material at　ambient temperature has been proposed.　ECAP specimen is made by embedding high-strength　material, such as Ti wire, into Al-based functionally graded material (FGM) matrix.　The Al-based　FGM matrix as ａ host material is assisting deformation of Ti.　Finite element method (FEM) is　used to simulate the process for a subject composite undergoing ECAP.　For a single ECAP pass,　the strain distribution in the deformed composite was analyzed to investigate the influence of the　strength gradient in host material on the deformation behavior of the Ti wire.　Also, the influence　of die channel angle has been analyzed. English 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 25-30 放電プラズマ焼結法（SPS）によるfly ash/NiCr傾斜機能材料大型部材の試作 Functionally Gradient Materials Plates using fly ash and NiCr prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) 大尾守 1），長谷崎和洋 1），篠田龍一 2），及川隆仁 2），吉岡一郎 2）１）島根大，２）中国電力(株) Mamoru DAIO 1），Kazuhiro HASEZAK 1），Ryuichi SHINODA 2），Takahito OIKAWA 2），Ichiro YOSHIOKA 2）１）Shimane University, Matue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan２） The Chugoku Electric Power Ｃｏ･,Inc, Hiroshima, 730-8701, Japan Functionally graded materials (FGMs) of φ100mm plate using fly ash and NiCr alloy powder were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS). FGMs of simple stacking structure (fly ash/NiCr) and sandwich stacking structure (NiCr/fly ash/NiCr, fly ash/NiCr/fly ash) were prepared. The thickness of FGMs plates were from 3 to 4mm. The deformation of simple stacked sample was confirmed from differences due to thermal expansion. The simple stacked sample was observed cross-section and detected elemental profiles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The sandwich stacked sample of fly ash/NiCr ＝(100/0,60/40,40/60， 60/40, 100/O)ｗａs observed flat shape and free of the surface crack. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 31-35 金属パターンへの誘電体パーコレーションによるマイクロ波構造の作製 Fabrication of Microwave Structures through Dielectric Materials Percolation into Metal Patterns 瀧波洋平，桐原聡秀阪大接合研 Yohei TAKINAMI, Soshu KIRIHARAJoining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Sub-millimeter order photonic crystals with percolation patterns of dielectric materials into metal structures were developed for microwave control. Pure copper structures with inverse BCC patterns were fabricated by stereolithography and powder sintering processes. Subsequently, titania particles dispersed resin slurries were infiltrated and percolated into the inverse structures in the vacuum atmosphere. Photonic band gap formations were investigated in microwave n°equency ranges by using electromagnetic wave spectra analyses and finite difference time domain simulations. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 37-40 傾斜構造を有するハイドロキシアパタイト製バイオスキヤフォールドの光造形 Fabrication of Artificial Bone Models with Graded Porous Scaffold Structures Composed of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics by Using Stereolithography 前田智秋，諏訪充頼，桐原聡秀阪大接合研 Chiaki MAEDA, Mitsuyori SUWA, Soshu KIRIHARAOsaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Computer graphic models of bioscaffolds with graded porous structure in artificial bones were designed by using a computer aided design (CAD). Air spheres of two different diameters are arranged mutually to form body centered cubic (BCC) structure. The scaffold models composed of acryl resin with hydroxyapatite particles at 48vol. % were fabricated by using stereolithography of ａ computer aided manufacturing (CAM). Hydroxyapatite is ａ bioactive ceramic having excellent biocompatibility. After dewaxing and sintering, bioscaffold models with inverse BCC structure and fine hydoroxyapatite microstructures were obtained successfully.　This result shows that stereolithography is a notable technology that can be used to fabricate the artificial bone with mimicked living structure. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 41-46 マイクロ波プラズマＣＶＤによるTiAl金属間化合物上へのダイヤモンドコーティングの試作 Selected interlayer of diamond deposition on gamma titanium aluminides prepared by microwave-plasma assisted CVD 長谷崎和洋 1），Saleh B.ABU SUILIK 1），大島正之 1），鉄井利光 2）1）島根大学，2）東北大 Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 1), Saleh B. Abu Suilik 1), Masayuki OHSHIMA 1), Toshimitsu TETSUI 2), 1）Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan2）Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan ３） National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan 2) Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 3) Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Several diamond coatings were performed on γ-TiAl substrates by ａ microwave-plasma assisted CVD, which were made directly to the substrate and indirectly to the TiC, Ti5Si3,Al2O3+TiO2 and Si layers on the substrate. The direct coatings suffered from severe delamination and cracks. The deposited layers on TiC and Ti5Si3 layers partially delaminated, while those on Al2O3+TiO2 and Si layers adhered well without delamination. All the diamond films deposited were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Raman spectra showed that poly- and nano-crystalline diamond films were obtained for the coatings of γ-TiAl. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 47-51 CVD-SiC 付 C/C 複合材の耐酸化性に及ぼす亀裂封止膜の影響 Effect of Perhydropolysilazane on Oxidation-resistance of C/C Composite Material coated with CVD-SiC Layer 竹腰正雄 1），佐藤正喜 1），小野文衛 1），齊藤俊仁 1），植田修一 1）1）ＪＡＸＡ Masao TAKEGOSHI 1)，Masaki SATO 1)，Fumiei ONO 1)，Toshihito SAITO 1), Shuichi UEDA 1)1) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan The effect of the clack sealant of silicon dioxide (SiO2) which is transformed from perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) on the oxidation-resistance at 1500℃ of the carbon fiber reinforced　carbon matrix (C/C) composite coated with silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated in case of two　type of intermediate layer (made by the conversion method with silicon and by the chemical vapor　reaction method) between the C/C composite and the SiC layer. Cyclic heating tests of 30 seconds per cycle and continuous heating tests up to 50 hours in the air under the condition of atmospheric pressure were conducted in electric furnaces. The heating temperature was 1500℃. Mass loss ratio of the specimens with the intermediate layer which made by CVR method decreased when it was　covered with PHPS. However, the mass loss ratio of the specimens with the intermediate layer which made by the conversion method with silicon increase. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 53-58 TiAl金属間化合物上に形成したＦＧＭシリサイドコーティングの寿命解析 Lifetimes analysis of FGM disilicide coatings on a γ-TiAl intermetallic compound 大島正之 1），長谷崎和洋 1），鉄井利光 2）１）島根大，２）東北大 Masayuki OHSHIMA 1)，Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 1)，Toshimitsu TETSUI 2)1) Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan2) Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan The NbSi2/Nb/γ-TiAl and NbSi2/Nb functionally graded materials (FGMs) were prepared and their tolerances tested by exposing them to temperatures from 1323 K to 1523 K under vacuum and in air. Oxygen resistivity was estimated from metallographic investigations. The FGM lifetime wasestimated by using a diffusion equation that considers the disappearance of the NbSi2 and Nb interlayer. These occurred during NbSi2 oxidation and Si diffusion from NbSi2 to Nb and interdiffusion between Nb and γ-TiAl. The results were validated by diffusion equations. The results indicate that ａ coating used at 1323 K for 380 h requires a NbSi2 + Nb coating thickness ofmore than 80 μｍ. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 59-62 太陽熱発電とコージェネレーション Mechanical property of Al-Si cast alloy subjected to strain-graded deformation process 木皿且人 1），石川東一郎 1），鈴木一行 2），新野正之 2），矢野歳和 3），折笠貴寛 3）1）ＪＡＸＡ， 2）JAST， 3）宮城大学 Katsuto KISARA 1）, Tohichiro ISH1KAWA 1），Kazuyuki SUZUKI 2）, Masayuki NIINO 2）, Toshikazu YANO 3）, Takahiro ORIKASA 3）1） Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2） Foundation for promotion of Japanese Aerospace Technology, 3） Miyagi Univercity 日中共同研究で熱電発電モジュール用いた太陽熱発電システムを開発中である。熱電モジュールの温度範囲が異なる２つの方式について実証研究を行っている。低温モジュールはPVシステムと併用方式で、中温モジュールは集光型太陽電池との複合発電を行い、排熱を給湯に用いるコジェネシステムを開発中であるＯ進捗と概要につ いて報告する。 Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 63-67 2008年度傾斜機能材料データベースの運用・管理報告 Administration of FGM database for FY2008 木皿且人 1），森谷信一 1），新野正之 1），紺野智美 2）1）ＪＡＸＡ， 2）JAST Katsuto KISARA 1）， Shin-ichi MORIYA 1），Masayuki NIINO 1），Tomomi K0NN0 2）１） 1） Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan 2） Foundation for promotion of Japanese Aerospace Technology, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Functionally Graded Materials Database (hereinafter referred to as FGMs Database) was open to the society via Internet in October, 2002,and since then, it has been run by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ＪＡＸＡ).Ａs of March 2009, the database holds 1,914 research information with 2,792 researchers data, 603 institution data and so on. This present paper will make an annual report on FGMs Database administration. From the access log analysis, user tendency will be reported. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 69-74 ものづくりの立場から見た薄膜シリコン太陽電池製造 Thin film silicon PV module manufacturing seen from standpoint of Mnozukuri 山内康弘 １），高塚　汎 １），竹内良昭 １），１）三菱重工業株式会社太陽電池事業ユニット Yashiro YAMAUCHI 1）, Hiromu TAKATSUKA 1）, Yoshiaki TAKEUCHI 1）1）Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan The solar cell is noted as countermeasures for controlling global warming and an energy sorage. A thin film silicon solar cell is noticed as ａ low-cost manufacturing technology. And we can manufacture automatically the solar cell with saving energy using this technology. We describe the high-speed large area thin-film solar cell processing technology that we developed for the thin film silicon solar cell manufacturing from the viewpoint of the “Monozukuri”. Japanese 2009年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2009＞　 Functionally Graded Materials　＜FGM2009＞ 2010-03-31 75-80 ソーラーツインザラスの開発 Development of the SOLAR TWINSARUS 三浦賀一，小野寺高之（株）ミウラセンサー研究所 Kaichi MIURA, Takayuki ONODERAMiura Sensor Laboratory,Inc, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan We developed ａ new educational material which is called “SOLAR TWINSARUS”. Principal of SOLAR TWINSARUS is solar hybrid generation system utilizing photovoltaic and thermoelectric developed by JAXA(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). Characteristic of this system separates solar light into visible light and infrared, uses visible light for photovoltaic generation, and uses infrared for thermoelectric element. SOLAR TWINSARUS build up with Fresne lens, wavelength separation filter, photovoltaic, thermoelectric element and two motors. Generating electric power by photovoltaic and thermoelectric was supplied to the independent two motors that can drive lower voltage and current. Using SOLAR TWINSARUS to learning about natural energy utilizing method, energy conversion and principal of each component parts. Present educational material has already used by elementary school, junior high school, high school in Miyagi, and also technical college, some company after we started sｅlling SOLAR TWINSARUS from February 2009. Japanese