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[fgm-2012.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/e22f0041-b5a3-41af-9319-40bcd16cf615/download)
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National Institute for Materials Science
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[Functionally Graded Materials (2012)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/83716eba-d96a-4aee-9558-bd7063e49f13)
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Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 1-6 常圧焼結による Mg2SiSnの作製 Preparation of Mg2SiSn by Sintering under Atmospheric Pressure ドゥマンジュニコラ湧太 １） ，最上雄太 １） ，加藤雅彦 １） ，井上裕之 ２）１）サレジオ工業高等, 2）株式会社テックスイージー Nicolas Yuta Doumenge １） ，Yuta Mogami １） ，Masahiko Kato １） ，Hiroyuki Inoue ２）1） Salesian Polytechnic Machida-shi Tokyo, Japan, 2） TEX E.G. CO.,LTD., Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan Mg-Si system compound is a promising material for thermoelectric generation with a high power factor in the intermediate temperature ranges around 700 K. In the former reports, most of the compacts were obtained by sintering under high pressure due to high reactivity of Mg. This method is not suitable for mass production. In this study, sintering conditions of Mg2SiSn at atmospheric pressure were investigated for mass production of Mg2Si based thermoelectric material．The Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity of the sintered material were observed. As the result, we succeeded to obtain a p-type compact with the Seebeck coefficient of 209 μV/K and the electrical resistivity of 6.0 × 10-5 Ωm by controlling the atmosphere during cold pressing. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 7-12 トレランスファクターを制御したCa-Mn-O 系の熱電特性 Effect of the improvement of tolerance factor on the thermoelectric properties of perovskite-type oxide Ca-Mn-O system 川上博司 １）, 齋藤美和 ２）, 山村博 ２）, 磯田幸宏 １）, 篠原嘉一 １）１）物質・材料研究機構, 2）神奈川大学 Hiroshi KAWAKAMI 1), Miwa SAITO 2), Hiroshi YAMAMURA 2), Yukihiro ISODA 1), Yoshikazu SHINOHARA 1)１）National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan, ２）Kanagawa University Japan, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Perovskite-type oxide systems, Ca1-xNdxMnO3, Ca1-xNd2x/3□x/3MnO3 (□ indicates A-site vacancy) and Ca0.865-ySryNd0.09□0.045MnO3 were synthesized by a standard ceramic technique. The thermoelectric properties were investigated as functions of temperature and composition. The electrical conductivities of Ca-Mn-O systems increased in the insertion of A-site vacancy into the Ca1-xNdxMnO3 system. In addition, the electrical conductivities of Ca-Mn-O system increased in the substitution of Sr ion on the basis of tolerance factor. Although the electrical conductivity increased due to heightening the crystal symmetry by both a insertion of A-site vacancy into the perovskite-type structure and an improvement of tolerance factor, the Seebeck coefficient of Ca1-xNd2x/3□x/3MnO3 and Ca0.865-ySryNd0.09□0.045MnO3 systems did not change when the both systems have same Nd content, but showed the similar value of Ca1-xNdxMnO3 system. As a result, it can be speculated that the improvement of crystal symmetry play animportant role in the thermoelectric properties. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 13-17 二ケイ化タングステの合成と熱電特性 Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Tungsten Disilicide 栗嶋拓馬 １） ，桑折 仁 2） ，矢ケ﨑隆義 2）１）工学院大学大学院工学研究科, 2）工学院大学工学部 Takuma KURISHIMA1 1), Hitoshi KOHRI 2），Takayoshi YAGASAKI 2）1）Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan, 2）Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan WSi2 was synthesized by the reduction method and arc melting method to react it at low temperature as possible. In the case of the former, WO3, WC, SiC or Si and C were used as the raw materials. These mixtures were heat treatment at 1673 or 1773 K under argon atmosphere. W and Si were used as the raw material in the latter. From the results of XRD, the products prepared by reduction method were consisted of tetragonal WSi2, W5Si3, WC and SiC. On the other hand, the product prepared by arc melting method was consisted of only tetragonal WSi2. The resistivity of arc melted specimen was 0.1 μΩm at room temperature and it was increased with increasing temperature. The carrier concentration of arc melted specimen was approximately 5×1027 m-3. The Seebeck coefficient of arc melted specimen was +18 μVK-1 at 650 K. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 18-22 サファイア基板上への In －Se の合成 Preparation of In－Se on Sapphire substrate 髙野直樹 １） ，桑折仁 2） ，矢ケ﨑隆義 2）1）工学院大学大学院工学研究科, 2）工学院大学工学部 Naoki TAKANO 1), Hitoshi KOHRI 2），Takayoshi YAGASAKI 2）1）Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan, 2）Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan This paper describes preparation of In－Se films on sapphire substrate by vapor transport method. Bulk In2Se3 as a starting material and a sapphire substrate were encapsulated in a quartz ampoule, and the ampoule was heated for 10 s to 3 h by the temperature gradient furnace. The hot side temperature was 1050 K, the cold side temperature was 850 K, the temperature gradient was 0.833 Kmm-1. The In－Se compound was synthesized on the sapphire substrate within 60 s heating. The In－Se films were prepared by heating for 1 and 3 h. Crystal phase of the film heated for 1 h was γ－In2Se3 and In6Se7, and the film heated for 3 h was consisted only In2Se3 with γ and β phase. From these results, it was considered that the In2Se3 film was synthesized by the reaction of primary selenium and In6Se7. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 23-28 半径方向に傾斜組成した銅および樹脂から構成される円筒型傾斜機能材料の製造方法に関する研究 Study on Manufacturing Method of Cylindrical FGM graded-compounded to the Radius Direction by Copper and Resin 中野光一 1)，石橋 完 2)，炭矢芳男 3)，立石健太郎 3)，宮崎良忠 4），渡辺健太郎 4），大崎徹郎 5），蓮尾東海 5）１）九工大・院生命体工, 2) オタライト（株）, 3) （株）高田工業所, 4) 計測検査（株）, 5) 福岡県工業技術センター Kouichi NAKANO １），Osamu ISHIBASI 2），Yoshio SUMIYA 3）， Kentarou TATEISHI 3），Yoshitada MIYAZAKI 4），Kentarou WATANABE 4）， Teturou OSAKI 5），Haruumi. HASUO 5）1）Kyushu Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Fukuoka, Japan2）Otalite Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan3）TAKADA CORPORATION, Fukuoka, Japan4）Keisokukensa Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan5）Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Fukuoka, Japan Generally, it is hard to get the chemical bonding between metallic materials and high polymer materials because of the melting point differences etc. So the injection molding methods are usually used for making composites from these materials. For example, in case copper as a metallic material is embedded into resin as a high polymer material, clear boundary exists between copper and resin because copper and resin are not combined chemically. This joint strength between these materials is only just based on an anchor effect. And this boundary will change to gaps or cracks after a long time use. In this study, so as to solve this problem on commutator of electromotor and to realize weight and resources saving, trial manufacture of functionally graded commutator made from copper and resin powder has been executed by spark plasma sintering method. Manufacturing method of cylindrical FGM graded-compounded to the radius direction has been investigated. And mechanical properties and suitable nondestructive testing method also have been investigated. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 29-34 生分解性プラスチックへのイオンビーム照射による炭化層の形成が金属薄膜の接着強度に及ぼす影響 Influence on adhesion strength of metal thin film forming carbonization laye by ion beam irradiation on biodegradable plastic 早川和希 １），矢ケ崎隆義 2），桑折仁 2）１）工学院大学大学院工学研究科，2）工学院大学工学 K. HAYAKAWA 1）, T. YAGASAKI 2）, H. KOHRI 2）1)Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan2)Kogakuin University, shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan This study examined the use of two biodegradable plastics, poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly butylene succinate (PBS), as substrates during surface modification by ion beam irradiation using gas phase Ar+ ions. Based on analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the resu lting substrate surfaces were found to exhibit roughness at the nano scale level. Further testing by FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of the substrate surfaces was increased with increases in the beam acceleration energy. Raman spectroscopic analysis (RSA) results showed that the quantity of carbide on the substrate was also elevated at higher acceleration energies, resulting in the formation of a self-carbonization layer. A Ti thin film was formed concurrently, indicating that adhesion of the Ti film was improved by the appearance of the self-carbonization layer. This study further found that the optimum accelerating energy was 5 keV and also demonstrated that this technique should be applicable to other biodegradable plastics which exhibit low heat resistance. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 35-39 生分解性プラスチックの微細構造制御が強度及び加水分解に及ぼす影響 Influence of strength and hydrolysis behavior by controlled microstructure on biodegradable plastics 髙田真伍 １），矢ケ崎隆義 2），桑折仁 2），馬場則男 3），馬場美鈴 4）1）工学院大学大学院工学研究科，2）工学院大学工学部，3）工学院大学大学院情報学部，4）工学院大学総合研究所 S. TAKADA １），T. YAGASAKI 2），H. KOHRI 2），N. BABA 2），M BABA 1）1）Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan2）Kogakuin University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan The degree of crystallization in a polymer is commonly controlled through adjusting the annealing process and, in the present study, this technique was used to examine the effects of crystallization on the mechanical strength and hydrolytic behavior of a biodegradable plastic. Poly lactic acid (PLA) was selected as the model substrate and was annealed for 60, 120 and 180 min at 100 °C, after which the presence of spherulites was assessed under a polarizing microscope and the degree of crystallinity was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties obtained fol lowing each annealing span were also measured using standard tensile tests and hydrolysis of the plastic was investigated by immersing the material in a phosphate buffer solution. The results demonstrated that increased levels of crystallization reduced th e tensile strength and elongation of PLA test specimens. In addition, both tensile strength and elongation were reduced following hydrolysis and this effect became more pronounced as the immersion time span was increased. The degree of crystallinity was not found to have any effect on the extent of hydrolysis. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 40-44 炭化層を形成した生分解性樹脂への金属薄膜付与と同薄膜付与材料の分解挙動について Dissolution behavior of biodegradable resin formed the carbide layer 飯田純史 １），矢ケ崎隆義 2），桑折仁 2）1）工学院大学大学院工学研究科，2）工学院大学工学部 Masafumi IIDA １）,Takayoshi YAGASAKI 2）,Hitoshi KOHRI 2）1）Kogakuin University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan2）Kogakuin University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Surface modification by ion beam irradiation was conducted on poly lactic acid which is an environmentally friendly material. The PLA substrate was subjected to both hydrolysis and enzymatic decomposition, and the mechanism and behavior of the decomposition by ion beam irradiation were investigated. The substrate was immersed in a phosphoric acid buffer solution at 60℃, and its surface after hydrolysis and denaturation was evaluated. Enzyme decomposition of the substrate was also evaluated using proteinase K under the same conditions as the hydrolysis. It was found that exfoliation of the modifying layer began on the first day after the immersion. The surface of the substrate was damaged extensively, and the tendency for extensive decomposition was observed. In addition, based on the results of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measurement, enzyme degradation began on the 7th day after the initial immersion. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 45-50 マルテンサイト相を有したステンレス鋼の局部腐食性におよぼすpHの影響 Effect of pH on Localized CorrosionBehaviorof Austenitic Stainless Steel ContainingMartensite Phase 阿部俊介 1），斉藤知 2），野田和彦 1），渡辺義見 3）1）芝浦工業大学，2）大阪大学，3）名古屋工業大学 Shunsuke ABE 1），Tomo SAITO 2），Kazuhiko NODA 1），Yoshimi WATANABE 3）1） ShibauraInstitute of Technology, Toyosu, Tokyo, Japan2） Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan3） Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan The localized corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel containing martensitic phase has been evaluated by an electrochemical measurement. Five type samples deformed by different compression ratio were fabricated from standard austenitic stainless steels type 304 stainless steel. The polarization curves and the potential changes in the galvanostatic polarization were measured in each sample to investigate the corrosion behavior in the NaCl solution at pH 2, 4 and 6. The current changes in the potentiostatic polarization of each sample were also measured to evaluate the passive film formation in the same solution. From the electrochemical measurement results, pitting corrosion was not affected by solutions pH. The pit size on the martensitic phase was larger than the austenitic phase. The sample with compression ratio above 10% decreased the occurrence of pitting corrosion. The pitting growth was accelerated by martensitic phase. The passive film formation of all sample decreased in pH 2 NaCl solution. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 51-55 水晶振動子微量天秤法による亜鉛溶解挙動のその場測定 In-situ measurement of corrosion behavior of Zn thin film by using QCM 井上 塁１），野田和彦１1）芝浦工業大学，2）大阪大学，3）名古屋工業大学 Shunsuke ABE 1），Tomo SAITO 2），Kazuhiko NODA 1），Yoshimi WATANABE 3）１） Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Tokyo, Japan The electro galvanized steel can form thin Zn layer is increasingly used in many areas. This is because thin Zn layer are light weight and eco -friendly. Therefore, the corrosion behavior of the Zn film has to be analyzed in details. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was applied to investigate the corrosion behavior in the measurement. The mass change of the samples was measured during potentiostatic polarization test and OCP measurement. The results revealed that, dissolution rate of Zn thin layer can be determined until ng order. The mass decreasing in ng order still could be confirmed at the small less noble potential from OCP. The small mass change in QCM measurement was not detected in electrochemical measurement. The decreasi ng in mass change is caused by the Zn dissolution. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 56-61 塩化物イオン存在下における Co-Cr 合金の腐食挙動解析 Evaluation of corrosion behavior of Co-Cr alloy in NaCl solutio 鈴木良治 １），野田和彦 １）1）芝浦工業大学 Ryouji SUZUKI 1），Kazuhiko NODA 1）１） Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Tokyo, Japan The Co-Cr alloys which have an excellent mechanical property and wear resistance are used as biomaterials such as artificial joint s. The objective of this research is to evaluate corrosion behavior of Co-Cr alloy in NaCl solution by using electrochemical measurements. Pure Co, pure Cr and stainless steel type 316 were also used as a comparing material in the measurement. The result of corrosion potential changing of the Co-Cr alloy was appeared to be similar to Cr behavior. Hence, the reactivity of Co-Cr alloy was dominated by Cr behavior. From the polarization curves, the Co-Cr alloy was kept the passive state in widely potential region as same as pure Cr. In addition, the passive current density of Co -Cr alloy and Cr were nearly identical value. Thus, the Co-Cr alloy was able to maintain its high corrosion resistance due to the existence of Cr oxide formed on the passive film. Because of having excellent corrosion performance, the Co -Cr alloy can be applied in the severe environment with a long life time. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 62-65 Annealing Behavior of Cold-deformed 0.2 Pct Carbon Steel with Strain Gradient Annealing Behavior of Cold-deformed 0.2 Pct Carbon Steel with Strain Gradient Xianguang Zhang １），Kiyotaka Matsuura 2），Munekazu Ohno 2）１）Graduate school of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 2）Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Xianguang Zhang １），Kiyotaka Matsuura 2），Munekazu Ohno 2）１）Graduate school of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 2）Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Recrystallization behavior of ferrite phases has been studied for a 0.2 pct carbon steel with the strain gradient. Normalized samples were cold deformed by a ball dropping test at high strain rates, which resulted in large strain gradients near the surface, and they were annealed at 750 ℃. The ferrite recrystallization behavior is quite different , depending on the local position. The recrystallized ferrite exhibits gradual change in grain size which corresponds to the gradual change in local plastic strain. Keywords: Deformation, Annealing, Recrystallization, Gradient, Grain Size English 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 66-71 無電解ニッケル合金めっきにおける表面結晶性制御および 電気化学評価 Annealing Behavior of Cold-deformed 0.2 Pct Carbon Steel with Strain Gradient ムハマド ザイミ １） 2） ，野田和彦 １）１）芝浦工業大学，２）Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Muhammad ZAIMI 1） 2），Kazuhiko NODA 1）１）Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 2）Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, Malaysia Electroless nickel alloy deposition on steel substrates is done at various plating bath pHs and compositions. The increase in plating bath pH increased the nickel alloy deposition rate but decreased the phosphorous, zinc and copper content in nickel all oy film. The accretion of phosphorous content in Ni-P alloys showed a wide passive area in the anodic polarization measurement in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The copper addition also produced Ni -Cu-P deposits with a wide passive area during high phosphorous c ontent as well as corrosion resistance. However, the Zn addition in Ni-Zn-P and Ni-Zn-Cu-P alloys showed no passive area thus having lower corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Plating bath pH has a significant effect on the compositions, surface crystallinity and corrosion behavior of Ni alloys in neutral solutions. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 26, 2012 2014-06-30 72-77 Fe-Si 系熱電発電モジュールの試作および界面構造の解析 Fabrication of Power Generation Modules using Fe-Si compounds and Analysis of Boundaries between Element Materials and Electrodes 相馬岳 1)，向井和人 1)，森重裕美子 1)，伊藤孝至 2)１）香川高専， 2）名古屋大学大学院工学研究科 Takeshi SOUMA １），Kazuto MUKAE １），Yumiko MORISHIGE １），Takashi ITOH 2）1)Kagawa National College of Technology, Kagawa, Japan., 2)Nagoya Univ., Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi, Japan. Five β-FeSi2 thermoelectric modules consisting of 2-pairs of p-Fe0.92Mn0.08Si2 and n-Fe0.985Co0.015Si2 sintered materials connected with silver electrodes were successfully fabricated by using a silver brazing technique. Sintered bodies of the materials were fabricated by using a CIP technique following a conventional sintering method in a vacuum electric furnace including a long time annealing of 1073 K and 120 h. Both the p- and n-materials were successfully joined with Ag-electrodes applying a brazing technique with an Ag-Cu solder (JIS type BAg-8) using a flux paste in Ar atmosphere under a series of five temperature conditions from 1050 to 1132 K . A maximum power output of 114 μW and an open circuit voltage of 68.4 mV were obtained at the temperature condition of TH/TL = 746/347 K on a 2-pairs module fabricated under a brazing temperature of1106 K. A series of SEM-EDX analysis for the interfaces of the modules revealed that Si diffusion layers from the β-FeSi2 sintered materials were observed on the silver solder region. Japanese