# Fileset [5th-ftm-symp-1992.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/e0f38029-5f24-44ce-93a5-008f5424774a/download) ## Creator National Institute for Materials Science ## Rights In Copyright[In Copyright](http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/) ## Other metadata [The 5th FGM Symposium (FGM'92) ](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/97bbfc6b-5daa-4391-ac1b-c1469fbf14e2) ## Fulltext Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 1-10 HOPEへのFGMの適用可能性 Applicability of FGM for HOPE vehicle ○伊藤哲一宇宙開発事業団　計画管理部 National Space Development Agency of Japan National Space Development Agency of Japan initiated conceptual study of the HOPE (H-II Orbiting Plane) unmanned reusable spaceplane in 1988, intending to provide servicing missions in the late 1990 to Japanese Experiment Module attached to the Space Station Freedom. In addition to Station and Platform servicing, HOPE would serve as a technology demonstrator for future spaceplane development. Weight reduction and high temperature material for thermal protection system are major tasks for development of HOPE structure. These goals can be achieved by advancing material technologies. It is difficult to predict the time needed for advanced structures and materials technology to reach an acceptable level of maturity. The full 20-year cycle is probably a minimum for application of new material and structure technology to commercial aircraft. Feasibility of FGM for thermal structure of spaceplane can be demonstrated utilizing HOPE as a technology demonstrator, and this means HOPE can contribute to the advancement of material technology. The application is a limited sphere activity. But this application will be the first step for practical use, and availability of FGM for future spaceplane will be accomplished on going through the various experiment vehicle. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 11-17 宇宙と原子力の融合領域を目指して（FGMパート II の展望） Aiming at the harmony between Space and Atomic Energy 新野正之航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所　ロケット高空性能研究室 Masayuki Niino Rocket High Altitude Performance Section, National Aerospace Laboratory, Kkuda Research Center, STA FGM Part II project aims at to develop the very high efficiency energy conversion materials by using FGM concept for the future space power unit which will use both solar energy and atomic energy. Developing System will be composed from theoretical design-, energy conversion mechanism-, optimum processing- and evaluation- research group. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 19-24 CVD法によるFRCへのTiC-SiC系傾斜組成コーティング Compositionally Gradient TiC-SiC Coating on Fiber Reinforced Ceramics by Chemical Vapor Deposition ○河合千尋、寺木潤一＊、平野徹＊、野村俊雄住友電気工業(株)伊丹研究所、＊ダイキン工業(株)CAEセンター Chihiro Kawai, Jun-ichi Teraki*, Tohru Hirano* and Toshio Nomura Itami Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. *CAE Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd. Oxidation-resistant coating using chemical vapor deposition on continuous fiber reinforced ceramics having lower thermal expansion coefficient(alpha) than the coated layer (SiC) was studied. A SiC-fiber reinforced TiC marix composite (SiC/TiC cemposite, alpha=5.6x10**-6K(-1)) was used as a substrate and the TiC-SiC system was chosen as a coating. The CVD was carried out in TiCl4-SiCl4-CH4-H2 system at deposition temperature of 1350deg.C and total gas pressure of 60 Torr. Compositionally gradient TiC-SiC layers were formed by stepwise change of the Ti/(Ti+Si) ratio in the feed gas. Peeling occurred along the edges of the coating in the case of SiC coating, but it did not occur at all in a TiC-SiC coating with an optimum gradient composition. These results agreed with the thermal stress analysis using F.E.M.. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 25-35 C/CコンポジットのFGMコーティングに関する研究 Functionally Gradient Coated Carbon/Carbon Composits 早田喜穂、○久手幸徳上村誠一斎藤俊仁、若松義男、新野正之日本石油株式会社　中央技術研究所　　　　　　　　　開発部航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所 Yoshio Sohda, Yukinori Kude and Seiichi Uemura; Toshihito Saitoh, Yoshio Wakamatsu and Masayuki Niino Nippon Oil Company, LTD National Aerospace Laboratory SiC/C Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) coated Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites were prepared by controlling feed Gas(SiCl4, CH4 and H2) ratio in CVD furnace. These C/C composites incorporating the SiC/C FGM as a coating were tested in the rocket combustor environment and the high temperature different field with excellent results. 50mm-diameter hemispherical C/C composites were fabricated using 3D near net shape fabric of pitch-based carbon fibers. Thus, SiC/C FGM as a coating were created on those C/C composites as a model component of nose cone for a future space plane. These nose cone shape test parts showed excellent performance at high-temperature supersonic gas flow tests. In conclusion FGM with complicated shape are promising materials to be used in hot structures for a future space plane. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 37-44 耐酸化性黒鉛材料の開発 Development of Oxidation Resistant Graphite Material 藤井貴美夫、中野純一、○新藤雅美日本原子力研究所　燃料・材料工学部 Kimio FUJII, Junichi NAKANO and Masami SHINDO Department of Fuels and Materials Reearch Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute For development of oxidation resistant graphite material, the preparation study of FGM of silicon carbide and carbon (SiC/C) has been performed. SiC-SiC/C is produced as a trial by chemical vapour deposited SiC coating on the SiC/C, which has a gradient in the concentration of SiC in graphite matrix, prepared by the surface and in pore diffusion reactions between gaseous SiO and carbon, and evaluation tests such as thermal cyclic test, etc. are carried out for SiC-SiC/C. From the test results in which SiC-SiC/C produced as a trial exhibites excellent characteristics including thermal cycle resistance, fruitful prospect for the development of advanced oxidation resistant graphite material can be obtained. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 45-46 表面ガス窒化による生体用傾斜機能材料の開発と評価 Devloment and Evaluation of F G B M by Surface Nitrization ○立石哲也、伊藤敦夫工業技術院機械技術研究所 Tetsuya Tateishi and Atsushi Ito Biomechanical Division, Mechanical Engineering Laoratory, AIST Titanium nitride layer was formed on the surface of sintered Ti, sintered Ti-6Al-4V, forged Ti and forged Ti-6Al-4V by heating at 850deg.C for 16 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. The nitride layer was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness measurement and SEM. Corrosion resistance of the nitrided Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were evaluated in physiological NaCl, pH5 HCl, 5%H3PO4 and 5%HCl solutions. The inert nature of the nitrided Ti and Ti-6Al-4V indicated super-ior biocompatibility compared with Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 47-58 傾斜機能平板の一次元非定常熱応力 One Dimensional Unsteady Thermal Stresses of Functionally Gradient Material Plate ○小畑良洋野田直剛名古屋工業技術試験所　金属部静岡大学　工学部 Yoshihiro OBATA; Naotake NODAGovernment Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya Shizuoka Univrsity Unsteady thermal stresses in a functionally gradient material plate were discussed. Firstly, the new analytical method of one dimensional unsteady heat transfer problem for heterogeneous materials was proposed. This method was performed with proper displacement of parameter, Laplace transfer and perturbation method. Numerical calculation was executed for the functionally gradient material whose components were ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4V. As temperature boundary conditions, two cases that surfaces of the plate were heated and cooled were treated. We discussed the influence of mechanical boundary conditions on thermal stresses, too. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 59-69 傾斜機能中空円筒の物性値の温度依存性を考慮した非定常熱応力解析 An Analysis of Transient Thermal Stresses in a Hollow Circular Cylinder of Functionally Gradient Material with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties ○菅野良弘、片岡誠治田中喜久昭大阪府立大学工学部東京都立科学技術大学 Yoshihiro Sugano and Seiji Kataoka ; Kikuaki TanakaUniversity of Osaka Prefecture Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology The plane-strain thermoelastic problem in a hollow circular cylinder made of functionally gradient material is formulated in terms of stress function taking into account the temperature dependencies of material properties. The formulation is completed by deriving the conditions necessary for the assurance of the single-valuedness of rotation and displacements in a hollow circular cylinder exhibiting arbitrary nonhomogeneities and temperature dependencies of material properties. Numerical analysis by finite difference method is carried out for the transient thermal stresses in the circular cylinders made of PSZ/SUS304 FGM subjected to unaxisymmetric transient heating on the inner boundary surface. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 71-77 繰り返し熱負荷におけるFGM平板の弾塑性熱応力解析 An Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Thermal Stresses in a FGM Plate under Cyclic Thermal Loading 寺木潤一、平野徹若島健司ダイキン工業（株）　MEC研究所東京工業大学　精密工学研究所 Junichi Teraki, Tohru Hirano* and Kenji Wakashima** *Daikin Ind. MEC Laboratory **Tokyo Institute of Tehnology An elastic-plastic analysis of transient thermal stresses in a ceramic-metal Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) plate is presented. A closed-form expression for the elastoplastic compliance needed for the analysis is derived by a micromechanical approach on the assumption that "local" microstructures are characterized by random dispersions of spherical ceramic (metal) particles in a metal (ceramic) matrix at quasi-continuously varying volume fractions. As an example, the transient thermal stresses in a zirconia/stainless steel FGM plate under a cyclic thermal load are computed for both elastic and elastoplastic cases: therein, the microstress distributions in the ceramic and metal phases corresponding to the macrostress distribution are evaluated. A possible thermal ratcheting effect is also indicated. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 79-86 き裂を有する傾斜機能平板の非定常熱応力 Transient Thermal Stress in a Plate with a crack of Functionally Gradient Materials ○渕山隆野田直剛、辻知章小畑良洋スズキ(株)静岡大学・工学部名古屋工業技術試験所 Takashi FUCHIYAMA; Naotake NODA, Tomoaki TSUJI; Yoshihiro OBATASuzuki Motor CorporationShizuoka university Government Industrial Reserch Institue, Nagoya 　In this paper, transient thermal stress of functionally gradient materials (FGM) subjected to heating and cooling are analysed by means of finite element method. Firstly, to clear the relationship between thermal stress and cracking, transient thermal stress in a circular plate of FGM is calculated. The upper ZrO2 surface is heated at 1300K until steady state and cooled at 300K. The lower Titan surface is kept at 300K. It is shown that the tensile stress which will induce a crack occurs on the upper surface while cooling. The influence of mechanical boundary condition and heating condition is also shown. 　Secondly, a plate of FGM with crack which was induce by that thermal tensile stress is considered. The crack opening and stress intensity factor are calculated and discussed. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 87-92 減圧中でのPTTS法による成膜性と皮膜の緻密化 Formation of Coatings by PTTS (Plasma Twin Torches Spraying) Method under Low Pressure and Densification of Coatings ○福島孟、黒田聖治、北原繁金属材料技術研究所 Takeshi Fukushima, Seiji Kuroda and Shigeru Kitahara 4th Laboratory, Advanced Materials Processing Division, National Research Institute forMETALS, STA 　Formation of coatings of metal and ceramics by plasma twin torches spraying method (PTTS) under low pressure was investigated.　Moreover, to densification of the obtained coatings, effects of heat treatment of obtained coatings under atmospheric pressure, and semi-transfer arc (named as LP-STA) was used in combination with plasma jet under low pressure were investigated.　Powders of NiCrAlY alloy and ZrO2-Y-O3 8% (named as 8YSZ) of 10 to 44 micro meter in size were used in this experiment. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 93-98 減圧プラズマ溶射法による傾斜機能材料の開発 Developing FGM by Applying Low Pressure Plasma Spraying ○下田信之、浜谷秀樹、一山靖友、北口三郎、斉藤亨新日本製鐵（株）　技術開発本部　鉄鋼研究所　接合研究部 Nobuyuki Shimoda, Hideki Hamatani, Yasutomo Ichiyama, Saburo Kitaguti and Tohru SaitoJoining, Steel Rsearch Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation This study was aimed at developing the fabrication process for FGM by using Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (LPPS). For the experimental test programs, High Temperature Different Field Test and High Temperature Supersonic Gas Flow Heating Test, the cooled panels were prepared. These panels were made of thin stainless steel, so one of the most important spray condition is the temperature of the panels during spray-ing for fabricating FGM panel without thermal transformation. The relationship between the temperature of the panel and thermal transformation was investigated, and cooled FGM panels were fabricated. These panels were evaluated and showed High resistance to the thermal stress. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 99-105 Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ系傾斜機能材料の熱的安定性について Thermal StabilitY of Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ Functionally Gradient Materials ○篠原嘉一、今井義雄、池野進、塩田一路、福島孟科学技術庁　金属材料技術研究所 Yoshikazu Shinohara, Yoshio Imai, Susumu Ikeno, Ichiro Shiota and Takeshi FukushimaNatiorial Research Institute for Metals, STA Fundamental resarches were carried out to improve the thermal stability of Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGM (functionally gradient material) in uniform and gradient temperature fields. Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ and Ni-Cr/PSZ FGMs were prepared on SUS310S substrates by plasma twin torches method under atomospheric or low pressure. Designed compositional gradient of FGMs could be sprayed. Porosity in Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGMs was increased with volume fraction of PSZ. When the FGMs were heat treated in a uniform temperature field of 1473K, PSZ part was sintered and cracks were formed by shrinkage. At the same time, Fe rich metal went into the cracks, and climbed up to the surface. Fe was migrated from the substrate through Ni-Cr-Al-Y part. Therefore, it is most important to decrease porosity in PSZ part to restrain crack formation. Coating metal with the same composition as the substrate is desirable for the compositionally stable FGM. When the FGM was heat treated in a gradient temperature field of 873-1473K, there was little change in the FGM structure. The FGM showed a high potential for protection coatings of turbine blades. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 107-116 冷却構造を有する傾斜機能材パネルの加工技術 FABRICATION OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS WITH ACTIVE COOLING STRUCTURES ○渡辺龍三熊川彰長藤原力斎藤亨田村学赤間信也藤岡順三山岡行雄東北大学工学部航技研角田支所三菱重工（株）新日鐵（株）NKK石川島播磨重工（株）川崎重工（株）日産自動車（株） Ryuzo Watanabe; Akinaga Kumakawa; Tikara Fujiwara; Tohru Saito; Manabu Tamura; Sinya Akama; Junzou Fujioka; Yukio YamaokaTohoku UniversityNational Aerospace Laboratory Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Nippon Steel Corporation NKK CorporationIshikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LtdNissan Motor Co . , Ltd. The fabrication processes of the functionally gradient materials (FGMs) with active cooling structures have been outlined. Five fabrication processes were used to fabricate the FGM components. Four bonding methods were individually employed to bond them with active cooling structures. Several specific subjects for bonding them on the structural panels were described. The fabrication process of each method was established, and several panels were supplied for the tests under hot gas and high heat load conditions. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 117-123 Ni電鋳法を用いた傾斜機能材料の熱疲労試験用冷却パネルの製作 Actively-Cooled-Panel with FGM Fabricated by Ni-Electro Forming Process ○赤間信也、大浜信一石川島播磨重工業（株）　航空宇宙事業本部 Shinya Akama, Shin-ichi OhamaIshikawajima-Harima eavy Industries Co. , Ltd In the thermal fatigue evaluation test for FGM at high temperature difference, the ceramics rich side of FGM is heated and the opposite side is cooled by coolant through the grooves in the cooling structure that is bonded to the metal rich side of FGM. In case of diffusion-bonding or soldering the cooling structure to the FGM, it is necessary to avoid the deformation of the FGM by heating process, so the Electro Forming Process is a suitable method, because it is free from heating process. The Ni-Electro Forming Process of the actively-cooled-panel for the thermal fatigue test of the FGM was investgated. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 125-138 TiAl基傾斜機能材料冷却構造体の製作 Fabrication of γ-TiAl Cooling Structures with TiAl-based Functionally Gradient Material ○松崎祐司、川村昌志、藤岡順三、南方俊一川崎重工業株式会社　明石技術研究所 ○Yuji Matsuzaki, Masashi Kawamura, Junzo Fnjioka, Shun-ichi MinakataAkashi Technical Institute, Kawasaki Heavy The intermetallic compound gamma-TiAl is, because of its outstanding high specific strength, one of the most promising structural materials for the airframes and engines of hypersonic transport aircraft and aerospace planes. A gamma-TiAl active cooling structure combined with light-weight and heat-shielding Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) would make an excellent thermal protection system, especially for use in hypersonic transportation exceeding Mach 10, where thermal load conditions are extremely severe. This paper describes the fabrication of a gamma-TiAl cooling structure with the intermetallic-based FGMs. The cooling structure was successfully fabricated by assembling separete components by the diffusion bonding process. It satisfied ultrasonic inspection and a N2 gas leak test, and was subjected to the supersonic combustion gasflow test. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 139-143 スラリー積層焼結法によるPSZ/SUS304系傾斜機能材料の作製 Fabrication of PSZ/SUS304 Functionally Gradient Material by Slurry Stacking and Sintering Process 結城正弘、山岡弘人、田原賢一、入澤敏夫石川島播磨重工業(株)　技術研究所 Masahiro Yuki, Hiroto Yamaoka, Ken-ichi Tahara and Toshio IrisawaResearch Institute, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industrie Co.,Ltd. The powder metallurgical fabrication with slurry-stacking and sintering process is a production method of PSZ/SUS304 functionally gradient material (FGM). In this procedure, the pre-sintering of powder compact of substrate was necessary in lathing into long column without break. In pre-sintering process, the Young's modulus and strength of substrate depended on the sintering temperature, and the proper Young's modulus and strength for prevention of disbonding of slurry-stacked layer from substrate in CIP process were found through the experimentation and stress analysis. As a result, the PSZ/SUS304 FGM of long column could be produced by using the proper pre-sintering condition. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 145-153 SiC-AlN/Mo系焼結傾斜機能材料の作製および評価 Fabrication of sintered SiC-AlN/Mo Functionally Gradient Material and its thermomechanical performance 田中賢衛、松原猛○川崎亮、渡辺龍三東北大学　大学院東北大学　工学部 Masahiro Tanaka, Takesi Matubara, Akira Kawasaki and Ryuzo Watanabe Department of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University. The functionally gradient material of a specific material conbination of SiC/AlN/Mo was fabricated by powder metallurgy. SiC-AlN composite with the compositions ranging from 0 to 100mol%AlN were fabricated by hot-isostatic pressing of powder mixture of SiC and AlN with varrious mixing time. Results of thermomechanical tests for non-FGM have shown that the samples have a sufficient thermal barrier property with high fracture strength even at elevated temperature than monolithic SiC and AlN. The designing of the compositional distribution eas made on the basis of the calculation of the overall heat transfer in a temperature difference of 1000K. According to the optimum composition distribution, the sintered compact of the functionally gradient material of SiC-AlN/Mo was successully fabricated. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 155-159 AlN-Ni系のナノ構造FGM Nano-Structured FGM of the System AlN-Ni ○新谷光二宇田雅広北海道大学工学部　附属金属化学研究施設日新製鋼株式会社 K. Atarashiya* and M. Uda***Fac. Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060, JPN., **Nisshin Steel Co. Ltd., Ichikawa 272, JPN. A nano-structured FGM block of the system AlN-Ni was prepared by the method of powder metallurgy. The starting material i. e. an ultrafine particle, whose size was 420 nm in average diameter, was prepared by means of the arc-prasma processing that a vapourized substance was collected in a bag filter. A compositionally gradient mixture of a nickel ultrafine particle and an aluminum-aluminum nitride ultrafine particle was pressed (40MPa) in a steel die, followed by two-step heating (873 K and 1273 K) in flowing nitrogen under null pressure. In this process, the aluminum ultrafine particle reacted with nitrogen into aluminum nitride, but, the nickel ultrafine particle did not react with any species. Thus, FGM block of the system AlN-Ni was completely accomplished.The techniques of an ultrafine-particle mixing and sintering with no crystal-grain growth were invented. Generally speaking, the preparation of FGM block especially in the metal nitride systems needs an extremely high temperature and high pressure. However, in this work using an ultrafine particle, the nano-structured FGM block was easily prepared. The nitriding reaction of aluminum is exothermic, thus, it considerably progresses by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) when it has once begun.The structures and the compositional distributions of the FGM block were examined by SEM and EDX. The physical properties of the FGM block such as density, thermal expansion coefficient etc. were measured. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 161-163 SiC-TiB2-Cu基傾斜機能材料のSHS合成 Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis of SiC-TiB2-Cu based Functionally Gradient Material 佐多延博東北工業技術試験所 Nobuhiro SataGovernment Industrial Research Institute, Tohoku A series of producing process of a Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) using Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process have been developed and SiC-TiB2-Cu based FGM was fabricated through the process.Using a automatic controled powder spraying and stacking device, raw material powders were sprayed and stacked on Cu substrate so that the compositional profile were essentially graded. This sracked body was compressed and vacuum-sealed into the capsule for the synthesis. The sample was ignited and compressed with synthesizing simultaneously under high-hydro pressure of 58MPa. As a result of this process, SiC-TiB2-Cu based FGM of 30 mm diameter can be produced on Cu substrate. In order to improve the strength of the FGM surface layer, SiC whiskers were added into the raw material powder mixture at the stacking by the spray method. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 165-171 W/Cu傾斜組成材料の受熱特性 Heating and thermal stress properties in W/Cu gradient material ○高橋雅士、伊藤義康、宮崎松生高野廣久*、池田三郎*、奥山利久*株式会社東芝　重電技術研究所　　　　　　　京浜事業所 Masashi Takahasi, Yoshiyasu Itoh, Matsuo Miyazaki ; Hirohisa Takano*, Saburo Ikeda* and Kazuhisa Okuyana* Heavy Apparatus Laboratory and Keihin Product Operations* TOSHIBA Corporation W/Cu gradient material has been developed as a beam target against plasma, ion beam, electron beam and so on. In this paper, the heating and thermal stress properties of beam target, which consists of the W/Cu gradient material, were examined by using finite element method (FEM). Moreover, the effect of the beam target size against maximum thermal stress was maked clear. Finally, the beam target of W/Cu gradient material, which was operated in heating of 15MW/m2, was designed and fabricated, and it was confirmed that the marked value was established in the heating test by electron beam. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 173-178 ガスタービン翼用傾斜機能セラミックコーティングの耐熱衝撃/熱疲労評価 Evaluation of Thermal Shock/Fatigue Resistance of Functionally Gradient Ceramic Coating for Gas Turbine Blade ○石川幹、橋田俊之、高橋秀明藤井弘二東北大学工学部附属破壊力学応用研究施設日本コーティング工業株式会社 Tsuyoshi Ishikawa, Toshiyuki Hashida and Hideaki Takahashi; Koji FujiiResearch Institute for Fracture Technology, Tohoku University Nippon Coating Industry Co., Ltd. This paper presents an attempt for developing a thermal shock and fatigue test of ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC) for gas turbine blade, using a laser heating technique. This method uses a cylindrical specimen which simulates the curvature of the leading edge of gas turbine blade. In the laser heating thermal shock/fatigue tests, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was carried out to detect the onset of the coating damage and various fracture damages of both plasma-sprayed ZrO2-Y2O3/NiCrAlY TBC system and its FGM were ovserved. Fracture damage of ZrO2 coating could be classified by AE generation patterns, and a new procedure of thermal shock/fatigue damages of ceramic coating for gas turbine was proposed by use of AE. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 179-186 再生冷却二液式サブスケールエンジンの燃焼試験--ZrO2/Ni電鋳燃焼器-- Evaluation Tests of Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Engine with ZrO2 Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) Coating ○黒田行郎、日下和夫外川守人航技研角田支所三菱重工業(株) Yukio Kuroda*, Kazuo Kusaka*, and Morito Togawa***Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory 1, Koganezawa, Kakuda, Miyagi 989-15, Japan**Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. 1200, Higashi-Tanaka, Aichi 485, Japan The National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. conducted combustion tests of a 1200 N thrust engine made of new materials requiring a minimun level of cooling. The engine is made of highly heat-resistant FGM, namely, zirconia (ZrO2) and nickel (Ni). The film cooling rate was reduced to zero percent of the total fuel flow rate to obtain the high performance. Durability testing of a ZrO2/Ni FGM chamber demonstrated the basic chamber materials to be of sufficient strength and the ZrO2/Ni FGM on the inner wall to be durable under the operating conditions. In this study, phi30mm specimens of a ZrO2/Ni FGM, ZrO2/(Ni+Cr) superalloy FGM and ZrO2/(Ni or SUS304) non-FGM (single-layer ZrO2 coating) were exposed to the combustion gases of NTO/MMH propellant to examine the thermal shock resistance and fatigue properties of the ZrO2 thermal barrier coating. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 187-190 遮熱型FGMの高応力部材への適用可能性について Study on the Applicability of Thermal Barrier FGM to High Stressed Members ○瀧將展、藤沢良昭、祖父江靖、吉田豊明航空宇宙技術研究所 Masanobu TAKI, Yoshiaki FUJISAWA, Yasushi SOFUE and Toyoaki YOSHIDA National Aerospace Laboratory The fundamental evaluation method of the functionally gradient material (FGM) applied to the combined condition of thermal and mechanical load has been developed, which condition is commonly observed in high speed rotating members e. g. gas turbine rotors. The pipe-shaped FGM test pieces were heated from their outer side by an image furnace and simultaneously cooled from their inner side. Under this condition, they were subjected to one-dimensional (tensile) mechanical loads by a multi-purpose material test apparatus. Their thermal barrier effect and mechanical damage have been investigated to evaluate the practical property of the FGMs. With the combination of plasma-splayed 8Y-PSZ and NiCoCrAlY as the two component materials of the FGM, at some hundred kW/m2 level heat flux, it has been shown that the FGMs have an equally good bonding property compared with the conventional thermal barrier coating (simple 2 layer TBC) having the same material combination. A fundamental evaluation method under the combined condition has been established. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 191-196 高温ガス流試験装置の試作とFGMパネルの評価試験 The High Temperature and Supersonic Gas Generator and Evaluation Test for FGM Panel 齋藤俊仁、若松義男、植田修一、新野正之野村俊雄山岡行雄齊藤亨清藤晋一郎航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所住友電気工業株式会社日産自動車株式会社新日本製鐵株式会社三菱重工業株式会社 Toshihito SAITO, Yoshio WAKAMATSU, Syuichi UEDA, Masayuki NIINO; Toshio NOMURA; Ikuo YAMAOKA; Toru SAITO; Shin-ichiro KIYOTOKakuda Research Center, National Aerospace LaboratorySumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.Nippon Steel CorporationMitsubishi Heavy Industories Ltd. An experimental device was developed to evaluate for the 104mm x 104mm cooling Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) panels under the condition of high-temperature and supersonic airflow. This condition is almost same with the nose cone and in-take section of scramjet engine for the spaceplane. Major specifications of this device are maximum total temperature of 3000K, maximum total pressure of 1.5MPa, dynamic pressure of 0.1MPa and Mach number of about 3.0 when mole fraction of oxygen in the product gas is kept 21%.We evaluated three type of samples, and they have slotted wall type cooling structure. One of them is made by conventionai material, copper. Other cooling structures are coated by thin layer with FGM technology to relax thermal stress. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 197-204 傾斜機能熱電変換材料の効率改善に関する数値解析 Numerical Analysis of Efficiency Improvements In Functionally Gradient Thermoelectric Materials ○平野徹、L. W. Whitlow、宮島雅史ダイキン工業(株)MEC研究所 Tohru Hirano, Larry W. Whitlow, Masafumi MiyajimaMEC Laboratory, Daikin Industries A Functionally gradient approach to material design is proposed as a way of enhancing TE device performance over large spans in temperature. This FGM-based device would be an improvement over conventional segmented-arm designs, resulting in improved energy conversion efficiencies. We present a numerical analysis of our proposed FGM TE device, in terms of a model consisting of "continuously" segmented arms, i. e. arms with a functionally gradient carrier concentration, material composition, and/or material microstructure. The energy convention efficiency is calculated and compared with identical results for single material and simply-segmented devices, spanning temperatures from 300K to 1300K. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 205-213 傾斜構造体の三次元熱応力モデルに関する研究その(2) Evaluation and Verification of FGM Analysis System ○原田誠、鵜飼重治、丸山忠司、鹿食栄、野村茂雄*平原一雄**熊川彰長動力炉・核燃料開発事業団　大洗工学センター*原子力システム株式会社**航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所 Makoto Harada, Shigeharu Ukai, Tadashi Maruyama, Sakae Shikakura, Shigeo Nomura; *Kazuo Hirahara; **Akinaga KumakawaO-Aarai Engineering Center, Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation*Nuclear Engineering System Inc.**Nationai Aerospace Laboratory, Kakuda Research Center In order to construct the optimized designinig system of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM), heat and thermal stress analyse of FGM have been carried out with FEM code "FINAS" developed by PNC. The model for analysis is extended from unit element model to real scale model, and it becomes possible to make direct comparison of experimental results with analysis.In the analysis of Non-Functionally Gradient Material (Inco617), calculated values shows good agreement with experimental results. Especially, the deformation at the surface of test specimen can be well estimated with this model, and it is confirmed that this model is applicable to the FGM analysis. In the transient test of PSZ/Ni FGM plate, temperature change and thermal stress generated at the heating surface can be estimated by adjusting the heating and cooling conditions.For a better understanding of performance of FGM, the limit of operational condition of FGM is analyzed by changing the heating and cooling conditions, and compared with the performance of NFGM. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 215-220 SiC/TiC系FGMの熱・構造解析について Thermal/Structural Analyses of SiC/TiC Type FGM ○山岡行雄、二宮一芳、小坂勝明斉藤俊仁、若松義男、新野正之日産自動車(株）宇宙航空事業部航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所 Yukio Yamaoka, Kazuyoshi Ninomiya, Katsuaki KosakaToshihito Saito, Yoshio Wakamatsu, Masayuki NiinoAerospace Division, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory SiC/TiC type Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) is one of the heat resistant materials and is hopeful candidate material for future hypersonic vehicle like a space plane. So it was planned to be tested in high-enthalpy gas flow condition. The purpose of this test was to estimate FGM under the real conditions where it would be exposed, so 2000K of surface temperature or 1000K of temperature difference in depth direction were required. In this paper three dimensional transient thermal/structural analyses of SiC/TiC type FGM are presented.Numerical analyses of temperature distribution and thermal stress were performed with ABAQUS, a finite-element code. The results of temperature distribution and stress distribution in FGM are presented and compared with the test results. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 221-226 傾斜機能材料データベースついて Functionally Gradient Materials Database 木皿且人、須藤孝幸、毛呂明夫、新野正之航空宇宙技術研究所角田支所 Katsuto Kisara, Takayuki Sudo, Akio Moro, Masayuki NiinoKakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, STA The research of the generic technologies of thermal insulation FGM has ended this March, which had been advanced by Science and Technology Agency promotion adjusting cost since 1987.The FGM data has been collected and arranged and built up as a database for use by individual researchers for develoment of a material for thermal protection used for space planes, rocket combustors, and so forth. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 227-234 Ni-ZrO2混合圧粉焼結による二層材の熱変形 Thermal deformation of hot-pressed bilayered Ni-ZrO2 mixed powder compacts 塚本英明、若島健司東京工業大学　精密工学所究研 H. TSUKAMOTO and K. WAKASHIMA Precision and Intelligence Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology 　 Thermally induced "warping" of bilayered plate samples made by hot compaction of Ni-ZrO2 powder mixtures (at 1250deg.C under 35 MPa) has been examined. Each layer has a microstructure characterized by a Ni matrix with or without ZrO2 particles of up to 30 vol. %. All the samples, being initially flat, showed warping distortion when exposed to 1000deg.C and then cooled to RT; however, the sense of the distortion - concave or convex - was found not to be same in samples whether or not they have the full Ni layer. This observation can be qualitatively explained with a combined macro - and micro-mechanical analysis model by taking account of the thermal history of the samples experienced from their hot consolidation stage. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 235-240 ガス圧燃焼焼結法で作製したTiC-Ni系傾斜機能材料の構造と熱的機械的特性評価 Thermo-mechanical Properties and Structure of TiC-Ni FGM Fabricated by Gas Pressure Combustion Sintering "○宮本欽生、谷畑公昭馬賢鋒熊川彰長永田佐登司平野徹、山田智彦大阪大学　産業科学研究所長春応用化学研究所航空宇宙技術研究所三菱重工業（株）ダイキン工業（株）　CAEセンター" Yoshinari Miyamoto and Kimiaki Tanihata; Xiangfeng Ma; Akinaga Kumakawa; Satoshi Nagata; Tohru Hirano and Tomohiko YamadaISIR, Oska University Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, ChinaNational Aerospace Lab. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. CAE center, Daikin Industries, Ltd. The preliminaly analysis of thermo-mechanical properties such as temperature profile and thermal stress in the TiC/Ni FGM were conducted using a program of one dimensional linear steady state thermal stress analysis. The FGM structure was designed by using the compositional distribution function with parameter n. The TiC/Ni FGMs fabricated were subjected to thermal fatigue test by cyclically heating using a xenon lamp. The surface temperature on TiC side reached to ~1000K and the temperature defference through FGM to ~ 600 K. After the thermal fatigue test, cracks were observed on the TiC side. The analysis suggests that high compressive stress over 1 GPa will be induced at the TiC surface when constrained with a copper block. The compositional distributions of FGMs were measured by using EDX, and compared with the designed ones. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 241-247 Cr3C2/Ni, TiCの高温破壊強度特性　-延性金属相高靭化メカニズム- High Temperature Fracture Characteristics of Cr3C2/Ni and Cr3C2/TiC -Toughness Mechanism by Ductile Metallic Phase- 平野一美○丸山修二渡部修宮本欽生機技研筑波大(院)筑波大阪大産研 Kazumi Hirano; Syuji Maruyama; Osamu Watanabe; Yoshinari MiyamotoMechanical Engineering Laboratory, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, MITI, Namiki 1-2, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305. Graduate Student, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305. University of Tsukuba. Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University. Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) are extremely attractive as a high performance material for severe environments in the field of aeronautic and aerospace technologies. The final goal of this study is to establish the material design concepts for the coexistence of good mechanical properties with super heat-resistance in the systems of ceramic/metal and ceramic/ceramic FGMs. Flexural and fracture toughness tests were conducted on gas-pressure combustion sintered Cr3C2 ceramic and its composites with Ni and TiC (Cr3C2/Ni, Cr3C2/TiC) in a vacuum environment up to 1200deg.C by using the newly developed materials testing system. Fracture characteristics were discussed on the basis of fracture mechanics and fractography. The toughness of Cr3C2 can be improved by additions of the metallic particles. It is found that the principal mechanism of toughness improvements in these composites (ductile-phase reinforced ceramic matrix composites) is attributed to crack tip blunting by a ductile metallic phase. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 249-253 非定常加熱時のFGMの温度応答および熱物性値評価 (第2報. 近似解の有用性) Temperature Response and Thermophysical Property Evaluation of FGM in Transient Heating (Part II: Usefulness of an Approximate Solutions) ○石黒達男牧野敦、荒木信幸三菱重工業株式会社　名古屋研究所静岡大学　工学部 Tatsuo Ishiguro ; Atsushi Makino and Nobuyuki Araki Nagoya R&D Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD., Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University In this study, temperature response of FGM in the pulsewise heating is studied. First, recognizing that the solution derived for the temperature response in FGM is approximate, its applicability is investigated by comparing it with the exact analytical solution for FGM in which thermophysical properties have certain profiles. When the FGM is constructed from conventional solid materials, appropriateness and usefulness of the solution for the FGM are shown as far as the temperature response near the rear surface is concerned. Second, by obtaining the temperature response at the rear surface of the sample materials, in which the thermophysical properties of the front and rear surfaces are given, the effect of the number of layers is investigated. It is shown that an 8-layered material can be considered to be an FGM, as far as the temperature response is concerned. Furthermore, the approximate solution can be used for the evalution of the heat-shielding properties if one can accept a maximum of about 6% error. From engineering point of view, because of its simplicity and fair degree of agreement, the approximate solution is anticipated to be used not only for qualitative but also for quantitative prediction of the temperature response near the rear surface of the FGM. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 255-262 傾斜機能材料のレーザ照射熱疲労損傷メカニズム A Study on Thermal Fatigue Fracture Mechanism Irradiated by Laser of the Functionally Gradient Material ○福島明、永田佐登司、清藤晋一郎、吉田康之三菱重工業株式会社 Akira Fukushima, Satoshi Nagata, Shinichirou Kiyotou, Yasuyuki Yoshida Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Fundamental study on thermal fatigue fracture mechanism irradiated by laser of the functionally gradient material (FGM), consisting of PSZ and Ni-Cr were carried out. Vertical cracks from surface to inside were observed in the FGM tested by high power laser irradiated thermal fatigue, while delaminations at internal ceramic rich layer were observed in the FGM tested by low power laser irradiated thermal fatigue. Then it was assured by acoustic emmision that the delaminations delayed to occure. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 263-270 プラズマ・アークによる傾斜機能材料のエロージョン/コロージョン特性評価技術の開発に関する研究 The Development a Technique for Evaluating Erosion/Corrosion Damage Properties of FGM ○奥川大輔、高橋秀明東北大学　破壊力学応用研究施設 Daisuke Okugawa and Hideaki TakahasiResearch Institute for Fracture Technology, Tohoku University The purpose of this study is to develop a technique for evaluating erosion/corrosion damage properties which occurs on Functionally Gradient Material when FGM is attacked by high temperature and high velocity fluid. At first, we performed thermal shock test to evaluate thermal stress damage of plasma sprayed ZrO2 coating by using high velocity and high temperature plasma jet. As result of the test, some typical cracking damage in ceramic coating were observed. In this paper, we discuss about the relationship between surface, interface temperature of specimen and form of cracking damage. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 271-273 FGM被覆C/Cコンポジットのロケット燃焼器への適用 The Application of FGM Coated Carbom/Carbon Composites to a Rocket Combustor 早田喜穂、○久手幸徳上村誠一末光毅、藤岡順三内田正博黒田行郎、植田修一、只野真、佐藤政裕日本石油株式会社　中央技術研究所　　　　　　　　　開発部川崎重工業株式会社　明石技術研究所　　　　　　　　　　航空宇宙事業本部航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所 Yoshio Sohda, Yukinori Kude and Seiichi Uemura ; Takeshi Suemitsu, junzo Fujioka and Masahiro Uchida; Yukio Kuroda, Shuichi Ueda, Makoto Tadano and Masahiro SatoNippon Oil Company, LTD Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD National Aerospace Laboratory For future space plane combustors application, materials must have suitable heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant properties in the surface layer and an effective thermal stress relaxation throughout the material. Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites incorporating the SiC/C FGM as a coating are suited for this purpose. The rocket combustor shape C/C composites were fabricated using the fabric of pitch-based carbon fibers. Thus, SiC/C FGM as a coating were created on those C/C composites as a model component of rocket combustor for a future space plane. These rocket combustor parts showed excellent performance in the combustion tests of a nitrogen tetroxide(NTO)/monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) propellant. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 275-284 傾斜機能材小型パネルの高温度落差基礎評価試験 TESTING OF ACTIVELY COOLED FGM PANELS UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES 佐々木正樹、高橋守、○熊川彰長青山和信百歩珠子浜谷秀樹松崎祐司赤間信也野中寿夫航技研角田支所三菱重工（株）NKK新日鐵（株）川崎重工（株）石川島播磨重工（株）日立建機（株） Masaki Sasaki, Mamoru Takahashi, Akinaga Kumakawa; Kazunobu Aoyama; Tamako Hyakubu; Hideki Hamatani; Yuji Matsuzaki; Sinya Akama; Toshio NonakaNational Aerospace LaboratoryMitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.NKK CorporationNippon Steel Corporation Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd.Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. The structural integrity and durability of the Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) with actively cooled structures were studied. Five panels were thermally exposed and cyclically heated under high temperature differences between top and bottom surfaces of the FGMs. Three of them were survived and any large cracks were not detected after 50 cyclics of thermal exposure. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 285-287 再使用型二液式エンジンの試作 (ZrO2/Ni電鋳燃焼器) Reusable Bipropellant Engine with ZrO2 Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) Coating ○日下和夫、黒田行郎外川守人航技研角田支所三菱重工業(株) Kazuo Kusaka*, Yukio Kuroda* and Morito Togawa*** Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory 1, Koganezawa, Kakuda, Miyagi 989-15, Japan ** Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. 1200, Higashi-Tanaka Aichi 485, Japan Combustion tests of a 1200 N thrust engine made of new materials requiring a minimum level of cooling was conducted in NAL. The engine is made of highly heat-resistant FGM, namely, zirconia (ZrO2) and nickel (Ni). The film cooling rate was reduced to zero percent of the total fuel flow rate to obtain the high performance. Durability testing of a ZrO2/Ni FGM chamber, including the 100s firing test, demonstrated the basic chamber materials to be of sufficient strength and the ZrO2/Ni FGM on the inner wall to be durable under the operating conditions. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 289-292 大型FGM供試体の模擬実環境下における耐熱評価試験 Thermal Shock Tests of Large FGM Samples under Simulated Thermal Condition of Aerospace Plane ○熊谷達夫、櫻中登、木皿且人、須藤孝幸、日下和夫、高橋政浩、若松義男野村俊雄山岡行雄齋藤亨清藤晋一朗上村誠一航技研角田住友電気工業日産自動車新日本製鉄三菱重工日本石油 Tatsuo Kumagai, Noboru Sakuranaka, Katsuto Kisara, Takayuki Sudo, Kazuo Kusaka, Masahiro Takahashi, Yoshio Wakamatsu ; Toshio Nomura ; Yukio Yamaoka ; Tooru Saito; Shinichiro Kiyoto; Seiichi Uemura Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory Sumitomo Erectric Industries Ltd.Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LtdNippon Oil Company, Ltd. Authors evaluated heat resistant characteristics of large FGM samples under a high temperature and high speed gas flow condition which simulated a flight condition of a aerospace plane. Samples include two types of 104mm x 104mm panel shaped water cooled structures and a 50mm phi semisphere shaped uncooled structure.After tests, cracks were observed on the base plate of one panel shaped sample, but the other panel shaped sample and the semi-sphere shaped sample kept their structural health. These results give us the hopefulness in the field of space application in the near future. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 293-297 竹の傾斜機能特性と強度の関係 Gradient Structure and Strength of Bamboo 天田重庚、○宗像保、市川喜伸群馬大学　工学部　機械システム工学科 Sigeyasu Amada, Tamotu Munekata, Yosinobu IchikawaGUNMA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING The bamboo has two main functionally gradient characteristics of the structure. The one is macroscopic gradient structure, as node distance, diameter, thickness and so on. The other is microscopic one, as bulk density, distribution of matrix and fiber. These gradient characteristics are smart and rational. The secret of bamboo's strength and flexibility are related to these characteristics. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relations between structure and strength of bamboo from a view point of functionally gradient materials. Japanese 第５回　傾斜機能材料シンポジウム　＜ＦＧＭ’９２＞講演集 The 5th FGM Symposium 18 1992-10-15 299-308 傾斜機能圧電平板におけるSH表面波 SH Surface Waves in Functionally Gradient Piezoelectric Material Plates 劉桂栄、谷順二東北大学　流体科学研究所 Gui-Rong and Junji Tani Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University The numerical methods which have been proposed by the present authors for investigating the characteristics of waves in a functionally gradient piezoelectric material (FGPM) plate and its transient responses are used to investigate SH waves in FGPM plates. The material properties of the plate change gradually with the thickness of the plate. To evaluate the properties of the energy transfer between the electrical and mechanical energies during acoustic wave propagation in dispersive media, an electromechanical coupling constant is defined on the basis of group velocities of the acoustic waves. Numerical examples are given for a hypothetical FGPM plate and a homogeneous plate. Furthermore, for waves in dispersive media, the electromechanical coupling constant based on group velocities is found to be much better than that based on phase velocities. Japanese