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## Creator

[Katsuhiko Ariga](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-2955)

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[Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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[Foreword to the focus issue, ’nanoarchitectonics reloaded: method for everything in materials science’](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/154facf8-77b4-4d7f-8280-6cc6467bf1ba)

## Fulltext

Foreword to the focus issue, ’nanoarchitectonics reloaded: method for everything in materials sciencScience and Technology of Advanced MaterialsISSN: 1468-6996 (Print) 1878-5514 (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/tsta20Foreword to the focus issue, ’nanoarchitectonicsreloaded: method for everything in materialsscience’Katsuhiko ArigaTo cite this article: Katsuhiko Ariga (2026) Foreword to the focus issue, ’nanoarchitectonicsreloaded: method for everything in materials science’, Science and Technology of AdvancedMaterials, 27:1, 2607212, DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212To link to this article:  https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212© 2026 The Author(s). Published by NationalInstitute for Materials Science in partnershipwith Taylor & Francis Group.Published online: 23 Jan 2026.Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark dataFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found athttps://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tsta20https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/tsta20?src=pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212https://www.tandfonline.com/action/authorSubmission?journalCode=tsta20&show=instructions&src=pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/action/authorSubmission?journalCode=tsta20&show=instructions&src=pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/mlt/10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212?src=pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/mlt/10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212?src=pdfhttp://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212&domain=pdf&date_stamp=23%20Jan%202026http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212&domain=pdf&date_stamp=23%20Jan%202026https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tsta20FOCUS ISSUE FOREWORDForeword to the focus issue, ’nanoarchitectonics reloaded: method for everything in materials science’Katsuhiko Ariga a,baResearch Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan;  bGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, JapanThis foreword provides an introduction to the focus issue, ‘Nanoarchitectonics Reloaded: Method for Everything in Materials Science’. To this end, it will explore the significance of nanoarchitectonics in the history of materials science and consider whether it could become a universal method in this field as a method for everything in materials science [1,2].The search for and development of new substances and materials presents humanity with a constant challenge. Human society’s development is deeply dependent on the evolution of material civilization. Useful materials and the convenient tools created from them can greatly improve the quality of life. The development process began with extracting materials from nature, processing them, and putting them to use. Based on experience, humanity has modified substances through various processes to develop new materials, such as alloys. In the 20th century, various academic fields related to materials science developed rapidly, enabling the rational development of functional materials. These materials meet a wide range of needs, including those in the fields of energy [3,4], the environment [5,6], and biomedicine [7,8].Thanks to advances in the scientific field, we now understand that substances and materials can be created by materials science. However, the situation is not so simple. It has become clear that the nanoscale structure and effects of even the same material can significantly alter its function. In other words, achieving higher functionality requires more than simply synthesizing a material; precise control of its structure and internal organization is also necessary. To do so requires a better understanding of phenomena at the atomic, molecular and nanoscale levels. This has become a new challenge. Nanotechnology, which has developed rapidly since the second half of the 20th century, has greatly promoted this trend. High- resolution microscopes and measurement techniques enable us to observe atoms and molecules directly [9,10], and to investigate and manipulate the detailed properties of nanoscale phenomena [11,12].Nanotechnology has revealed the science of the nanoscale. The next challenge is to apply this knowledge to the construction of functional materials. The concept of nanoarchitectonics has been proposed to accomplish this task [13]. This concept involves using atoms, molecules and nanomaterials as building blocks to construct functional material systems. It also integrates nanotechnology with other fields related to material creation.Nanoarchitectonics is often a multi-step process that can easily form asymmetric, hierarchical structures. Compared to self-assembly through a simple equilibrium process, nanoarchitectonics offers the potential for a wider variety of structural constructions. Furthermore, the underlying nano-level interactions include uncertainties such as thermal fluctuations, probabilistic distributions and quantum effects [14]. Rather than accumulating interactions, it is a construction technology that harmonizes the whole. The formation of hierarchical structures and the coexistence of elements such as thermal fluctuations are similar to the advanced structural organization found in living organisms [15].Therefore, its applications are wide-ranging. The papers collected in this special issue, entitled Nanoarchitectonics Reloaded, cover a variety of topics, as outlined below.　The indexed research topics are diverse with including various materials from different fields. For inorganic and related fields, ‘supra-ceramics as a frontier of inorganic materials’ [16], ‘Ce-based solid-phase catalysts’ [17], ‘millimeter- scale ZIF-8 single crystals’ [18], ‘lightweight acoustic hyperbolic diaphragms with graphene’ [19], and ‘polymer-coating on carbon nanotubes’ [20] are included. Research activities based on organic compounds, polymeric materials, and the other related ones are also subjected, including ‘π-extended anion-responsive CONTACT Katsuhiko Ariga ARIGA.Katsuhiko@nims.go.jp Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, JapanSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2026, VOL. 27, NO. 1, 2607212 https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212© 2026 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.  This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-2955http://www.tandfonline.comhttps://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1080/14686996.2025.2607212&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2026-01-21organoplatinum complexes’ [21], ‘thermo-responsive polymer gels composed of star-shaped block copolymers’ [22], ‘physicochemical properties of pyrrolidinium-based electrolytes’ [23], ‘hydrogen peroxide sensors based on ordered carbonaceous frameworks from iron porphyrin’ [24], and ‘RGB circularly polarized luminescence from solid microspheres’ [25]. Even targets of this issue are expanded to biomaterials- based research such as ‘cello-oligosaccharides for fabricating functional nonwoven fabrics’ [26], ‘biofabrication of engineered blood vessels’ [27], ‘decellularized extracellular matrix based materials’ [28], ‘enzymatic control of intermolecular interactions in cellular environment’ [29], and ‘artificial viral capsid budding outside-to-inside and inside-to-outside giant vesicles’ [30].All matter is essentially made up of atoms and molecules. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics, the construction of matter from atoms and molecules, could be a universal method for creating all matter. This would correspond to the Theory of Everything in physics. In other words, it could be called the Method for Everything in materials science. This methodology could be considered the ultimate challenge in materials science. It would not be a bad thing for us materials scientists, to aim for the completion of materials nanoarchitectonics as a universal methodology for everything in functional materials as our ultimate challenge for the future.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).ORCIDKatsuhiko Ariga http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-2955References[1] Ariga K. Nanoarchitectonics: the method for everything in materials science. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 2024;97(1):uoad001. doi: 10.1093/bulcsj/uoad001  [2] Ariga K. Fascinating frontier, nanoarchitectonics, as method for everything in materials science. Materials. 2025;18(22):5196. doi: 10.3390/ma18225196  [3] Chen G, Isegawa M, Koide T, et al. Pentagon-rich caged carbon catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2024;63(49):e202410747. doi: 10.1002/anie. 202410747  [4] Nakamura T, Kondo Y, Ohashi N, et al. Materials chemistry for metal halide perovskite photovoltaics. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 2024;97(3):uoad025. doi: 10.1093/ bulcsj/uoad025  [5] Tanks J, Tamura K. Room-temperature material recycling/upcycling of polyamide waste enabled by cosolvent-tunable dissolution kinetics. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2025;64(31):e202502474. doi: 10.1002/anie. 202502474  [6] Wang G, Sugawara A, Uyama H. Hierarchical titanium dioxide–cellulose monolith for removing phosphate ions from water. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 2025;98 (8):uoaf068. doi: 10.1093/bulcsj/uoaf068  [7] Ito N, Nabil A, Uto K, et al. Poly(ARTEMA), a novel artesunate-based polymer induces ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2025;26 (1):2482514. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2025.2482514  [8] Sutrisno L, Richards GJ, Evans JD, et al. Visualizing the chronicle of multiple cell fates using a near-IR dual-RNA/DNA–targeting probe. Sci Adv. 2025;11 (43):eadz6633. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6633  [9] Nakamuro T. High-speed imaging and quantitative analysis of nonequilibrium stochastic processes using atomic resolution electron microscopy. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 2024;97(7):uoae082. doi: 10.1093/bulcsj/ uoae082  [10] Sun K, Cao N, Silveira OJ, et al. On-surface synthesis of Heisenberg spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic molecular chains. Sci Adv. 2025;11(9):eads1641. doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.ads1641  [11] Oyamada N, Minamimoto H, Fukushima T, et al. Beyond single-molecule chemistry for electrified interfaces using molecule polaritons. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 2024;97(2):uoae007. doi: 10.1093/bulcsj/uoae007  [12] Kim K, Abe M, Kawai S, et al. Exploring partially reduced CeO2(111) surface at the atomic scale using scanning probe microscopy. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2025;26(1):2528596. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2025. 2528596  [13] Ariga K, Song J, Kawakami K. From inception to innovation: 20 years of nanoarchitectonics. Chem Asian J. 2025;20(20):e00836. doi: 10.1002/asia. 202500836  [14] Aono M, Ariga K. The way to nanoarchitectonics and the way of nanoarchitectonics. Adv Mater. 2016;28 (6):989–992. doi: 10.1002/adma.201502868  [15] Song J, Kawakami K, Ariga K. Localized assembly in biological activity: origin of life and future of nanoarchitectonics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2025;339:103420. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2025.103420  [16] Maeda K, Motohashi T, Ohtani R, et al. Supra- ceramics: a molecule-driven frontier of inorganic materials. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25 (1):2416384. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2416384  [17] Komiyama M. Ce-based solid-phase catalysts for phosphate hydrolysis as new tools for next-generation nanoarchitectonics. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2023;24(1):2250705. doi: 10.1080/ 14686996.2023.2250705  [18] Alowasheeir A, Torad NL, Asahi T, et al. Synthesis of millimeter-scale ZIF-8 single crystals and their reversible crystal structure changes. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2292485. doi: 10.1080/14686996. 2023.2292485  [19] Lin M, Trubianov M, Yang K, et al. Lightweight acoustic hyperbolic paraboloid diaphragms with graphene through self-assembly nanoarchitectonics. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2421757. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2024.2421757  [20] Tanaka N, Morikawa M, Fujigaya T. Functional carbon materials: effects and role of polymer-coating on carbon nanotubes. Sci Technol Adv Mater. Forthcoming.Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 27 (2026) 2                                                                                                                                                               K. ARIGAhttps://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoad001https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225196https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202410747https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202410747https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoad025https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoad025https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202502474https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202502474https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoaf068https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2482514https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6633https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoae082https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoae082https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads1641https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads1641https://doi.org/10.1093/bulcsj/uoae007https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2528596https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2528596https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202500836https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202500836https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201502868https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2025.103420https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2416384https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2023.2250705https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2023.2250705https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2023.2292485https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2023.2292485https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2421757https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2421757[21] Haketa Y, Murakami Y, Maeda H. Ion-pairing assemblies of π-extended anion-responsive organoplatinum complexes. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25 (1):2313958. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2313958  [22] Gao G, Hara M, Seki T, et al. Synthesis of thermo-responsive polymer gels composed of star-shaped block copolymers by copper-catalyzed living radical polymerization and click reaction. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2302795. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2024.2302795  [23] Hirotsu Y, Thomas ML, Takeoka Y, et al. Effect of cation side-chain structure on the physicochemical properties of pyrrolidinium-based electrolytes upon mixing with sodium salt. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2025;26 (1):2466417. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2025.2466417  [24] Yoshida A, Chida K, Yoshii T, et al. Next-generation hydrogen peroxide sensors based on ordered carbonaceous frameworks derived from iron porphyrin. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2025;26(1):2506979. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2025.2506979  [25] Li K, Fu C, Yamagishi H, et al. Microscopic observations of RGB circularly polarized luminescence from solid microspheres with liquid crystalline molecular order. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2025;26(1):2509486. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2025.2509486  [26] Mizuuchi Y, Hata Y, Sawada T, et al. Surface- mediated self-assembly of click-reactive cello-oligosaccharides for fabricating functional nonwoven fabrics. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2311052. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2311052  [27] Laowpanitchakorn P, Zeng J, Piantino M, et al. Biofabrication of engineered blood vessels for biomedical applications. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2330339. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2024. 2330339  [28] Batasheva S, Kotova S, Frolova A, et al. Atomic force microscopy for characterization of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) based materials. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):25;2421739. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2024.2421739  [29] Tan W, Zhang Q, Lee M, et al. Enzymatic control of intermolecular interactions for generating synthetic nanoarchitectures in cellular environment. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2373045. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2024.2373045  [30] Matsuura K, Hirahara M, Sakamoto K, et al. Alkyl anchor–modified artificial viral capsid budding outside-to-inside and inside-to-outside giant vesicles. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2024;25(1):2347191. doi: 10. 1080/14686996.2024.2347191Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 27 (2026) 3                                                                                                                                                               K. ARIGAhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2313958https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2302795https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2302795https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2466417https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2506979https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2506979https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2025.2509486https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2311052https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2330339https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2330339https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2421739https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2421739https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2373045https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2373045https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2347191https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2024.2347191 Disclosure statement ORCID References