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[Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials　FGM'90 (pp.191-379)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/3bc6f4da-93f5-462d-b30d-cb96b7a5eb25)

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Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 191-196 デュアルディスペンサーシステムを用いた圧電性FGMの新しい成形方法 A New Method for Forming a Piezo-Electric FGM Using a Dual Dispenser System 河合高志, 宮崎俊一, Muneki ARARAGI横河電機株式会社　180 東京都武蔵野市中町2-9-32 Takashi KAWAI, Shun-ichi MIYAZAKI, Muneki ARARAGIYokogawa Electric Corporation 2-9-32 Naka-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan  A new method for forming a piezo-electric FGM based on film-casting technology was developed. This system consists of dual dispensers with a computer-controlled XY-stage. This equipment can change the composition distribution of a green sheet along its plane and across its thickness. This method provides a 3-dimensional FGM piezo-electric actuator based on a new principle. Using this equipment, a monolithic FGM actuator having a periodic structure was fabricated. Concrete results were obtained indicating that the FGM actuator works as an ultrasonic motor by excitation of the flexural progressive wave. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 197-202 粉末溶射成形法による焼結傾斜機能材料の製造 Fabrication of Sintered Functionally Gradient Material by Powder Spray Forming Process 渡辺龍三、川崎亮東北大学　工学部　材料加工学科　980 仙台市 Akira KAWASAKI, Ryuzo WATANABEDepartment of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, JAPAN  A powder spray stacking apparatus has been developed for fine stacking of mixed powders. Functionally gradient material has been successfully fabricated using this process, which has fine microstructural transition from stainless steel to Zirconia ceramic.      Mixing ratio of metal and ceramic powders in the suspension using ethanol as a solvent was varied gradually by the computer control. Deposited products, which were prepared by spraying and depositing the suspension on preheated substrates, were CIP' ed, encapsulated and HIP' ed. Detailed observation of the microstructure has revealed that this process could precisely control the various composition profile with the minimum control size of 0.01mm. It has been shown that the thermal shock resistance of spray formed FGM was significantly higher than that of monolithic Zirconia ceramic. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 203-208 レーザービーム加熱によるPSZ/Mo傾斜機能材料の温度傾斜焼結 Temperature Gradient Sintering of PSZ/Mo Functionally Gradient Material by Laser Beam Heating 結城正弘, 村山敏一,入沢敏夫川崎亮, 渡辺龍三石川島播磨重工株式会社　技術研究所　Joining & Bonding Department　横浜市東北大学　工学部　材料加工学科　仙台市 Masahiro YUKI, Toshikazu MURAYAMA, Toshio IRISAWA Akira KAWASAKI, Ryuzo WATANABEJoining & Bonding Department, Research Institute, Ishikawaijma-Harima Heavy Industries Co., LTD Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan  Temperature gradient sintering by laser beam irradiation-most suitable for its ease of heat input control and for its permitting finely localized heating-has been successfully applied to the production of PSZ (partially-stabilized zirconia) and PSZ/molybdenum sinters. A device for this purpose was developed, incorporating YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser of 300W maximum output as heat source. The laser beam is channeled through two oscillating mirrors onto the sample set in furnace chamber. Temperature distribution through the sample during irradiation was estimated by finite element method assuming steady-state condition. The result indicated sample front surface temperature exceeding 2100 K and a temperature gradient of 300K through 3mm thick sample. Tests on PSZ and PSZ/Mo sinters obtained with the device proved them to present gradient microstructure, thus confirming the possibility of producing functionally gradient materials by means of temperature gradient sintering. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 209-213 高速増殖炉用傾斜機能材料の材料特性 Material Properties of Functionally Gradient Material for Fast Breeder Reactor Toshihide IGARI*, Akira NOTOMI*, Hideo TSUNODA*, Kenzou HIDA**, Toshiyuki KOTOH**, Shigeru KUNISHIMA***三菱重工業株式会社　長崎研究所　850-91　長崎県長崎市飽の浦町１－１**三菱重工業株式会社　Kobe Shipyard and Engine Works　652　神戸市和田崎町1-1-1 Toshihide IGARI*, Akira NOTOMI*, Hideo TSUNODA*, Kenzou HIDA**, Toshiyuki KOTOH**, Shigeru KUNISHIMA***Nagasaki R & D Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Akunoura-machi 1-1, Nagasaki 850-91, JAPAN **Kobe Shipyard and Engine Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Wadasaki-machi 1-1-1, Kobe 652, JAPAN  Tensile tests of uniformly composite materials and thermal cycle test of FGM which is composed of these materials were performed, by considering an application of FGM to FBR component. Ductility of uniformly composite materials was clarified which is important in enduring thermal stress. The difference of failure of FGM in vacuum and air environment was found. Based on these information together with the data of thermal conductivity, possibility to apply FGM to FBR components was discussed. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 215-218 電鋳したニッケルの微細構造に熱処理が与える影響 The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Electroformed Nickel Kiyoshi KURUMA, 阿部雅樹日本鋼管株式会社　鉄鋼研究所　210　川崎市川崎区南渡田町1-1 Kiyoshi KURUMA, Masaki ABESteel Research Center, NKK Corporation, 1-1, Minamiwatarida, Kawasaki, 210, JAPAN  Nickel and nickel alloys are thermally stable and are used for heat-resistant materials. Well-developed electroforming technology has enabled to produce nickel bulk materials as thick as several mm. Nickel sulfamate bath is known as one of the most suitable baths for a nickel electroforming process. During high-temperature exposure, however, grain growth takes place and embrittlement occurs for the nickel electroformed from a sulfamate bath. Embrittlement does not occur for the nickel electroformed from Watt type bath. Both grain growth and embrittleness of the former nickel are attributed to the grain boundary segregation of sulfur. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 219-224 基材との関連で見るTiとTiCの熱安定性 Thermal Stability of Ti and TiC Related with Substrates 塩田一路、篠原嘉一、今井義雄、池野進科学技術庁　金属材料技術研究所　5th Laboratory,  Physical Properties Division　153　東京都目黒区中目黒2丁目3-12 Ichiro SHIOTA, Yoshikazu SHINOHARA, Yoshio IMAI, Susumu IKENO5th Laboratory, Physical Properties Division National Research Institute for Metals, STA 3-12, 2chome, Nakameguro, Meguroku, Tokyo 153, JAPAN  FGM is one of the most hopeful materials which can be utilized at an elevated temperature. A very thin FGM is suitable for a cooled part where high heat flux is subjected. As an FGM consists of two or more materials, it is thermodynamically nonequilibrium state. It is important not only that the FGM itself should endure at a high temperature, but also it has high compatibility with the substrate for practical applications. Actually, two materials co-exist in one FGM. Therefore, when the compatibility of an FGM is investigated in relation to its substrate, compatibility of each material in the FGM should be investigated separately to avoid the interference of the other material. In this experiment, TiC or Ti film was deposited on four kinds of substrates with different affinity for carbon by PVD. Morphological and constitutional changes by heat treatment were investigated as a fundamental research for compatibility of Ti-TiC FGM. The Ti substrate absorbed carbon atoms from TiC film. On the other hand, the mild carbon steel supplied carbon atoms to Ti film. Cu or stainless steel played a role neither of C-sink, nor of C-source, because of no affinity for carbon. From these results, it was concluded that substrates, which had no affinity for the elements in FGM, was desirable for high thermal stability. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 225-230 Ti-TiC FGMの熱安定性に結晶構造が与える影響 Effect of Crystal Structure on Thermal Stability of Ti-TiC FGM 篠原嘉一、今井義雄、池野進、塩田一路科学技術庁　金属材料技術研究所　5th Laboratory,  Physical Properties Division 　153　東京都目黒区中目黒2丁目3-12 Yoshikazu SHINOHARA, Yoshio IMAI, Susumu IKENO, Ichiro SHIOTA5th Laboratory, Physical Properties Division National Research Institute for Metals, STA 3-12, 2chome, Nakameguro, Tokyo 153, JAPAN  Fundamental researches were carried out to investigate the thermal stability of FGMs. Thin films of simple TiC or Ti->TiC FGMs were prepared on Ti substrates by PVD method. The reactivity between TiC and Ti was investigated in relation to the crystal structure of TiC. A new phase of TiC1-x was formed at the interface between Ti and TiC after heating independently of the crystal structure of TiC. The increasing rate of TiC 1-x was small when the crystal size of TiC was small, and also when TiC had preferred orientation of (111) plane parallel to the substrate. In the case of TiC with random and small crystal, the increasing rate was smaller than in (111) oriented TiC. TiC with random and small crystal had less reactivity on Ti. On the basis of these results, the effect of the crystal structure of TiC on thermal stability of Ti->Ti C FGM was investigated. The FGM with random and small grain size of TiC kept its compositional gradient longer after heating. The FGM with less reactive structure of TiC had higher thermal stability. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 231-235 CVD法TiC-Cナノ複合材料の熱機械特性 Thermomechanical Properties of CVD TiC-C Nano-Composites 佐々木眞、Hiroyuki SUZUKI、平井敏雄東北大学　金属材料研究所　980　仙台市青葉区片平2-1-1 Makoto SASAKI, Hiroyuki SUZUKI and Toshio HIRAIInstitute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980, JAPAN  TiC-C nano-composites in the C/(TiC+C) range of 0to 95 mol% were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a TiCl4-CH4-H2 system. The density of TiC-C nano-composites decreased with increasing C/(TiC+C). The thermal conductivity of TiC-C nano-composites varied from 13 Wm-1K-1 to 1.0 Wm-1K-1 with increasing C/(TiC+C). Young's modulus of TiC-C nano-composites varied from 550 to 13 GPa with increasing C/ (TiC+C). An improvement of thermal stress relaxation and thermal barrier characteristics are expected with the use of TiC-C nano-composites. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 237-242 化学蒸着法で作製するSiC/C傾斜機能材料 SiC/C Functionally Gradient Material prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition 上村誠一、早田喜穂、久手幸徳日本石油株式会社　231　横浜市中区千鳥町8丁目 Seiichi UEMURA, Yoshio SOHDA AND Yukinori KUDENippon Oil Co., Ltd. 8 Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231, Japan  SiC/C Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). SiCl4, CH4, and H2 were used as source gases. Non-FGMs with a SiC/C molar ratio of 0-1 were obtained by changing the ratio of SiCl4/CH4 in a temperature range of 1300-1500deg.C and in a pressure range of 10-100 Torr. Non-FGMs with various SiC/C ratios were subjected to the evaluation of mechanical properties and thermal properties. A Modified Small Punch test showed that the fracture stress and Young's moduli of the non-FGMs changed with SiC/C ratio. The relationship between mechanical properties and SiC/C ratio, however, did not follow the rule of mixture (R. O. M.). The coefficient of thermal expansion of the non-FGMs did not change widely within a carbon content range of 0-80 mol%. The non-FGMs with a carbon content of 90-100mol% showed anisotropic behavior in their coefficient of thermal expansion. The thermal conductivity of the non-FGMs also did not follow R. O. M. The reasons for the non-R. O. M. tendency are considered to result from (1) porosity, (2) preferred orientation of carbon, and (3) SiC skeleton structure. The FGMs of SiC/C were prepared by changing the ratio of SiCl4/CH4 stepwise or continuously. FGM or step FGM could be deposited not only on graphite plate, but also on carbon fibers and cylindrical graphite tube. Microscopic observation revealed that the CVD technique could be useful for the preparation of FGM on substrates with complex shape. Finally, laser-irradiation thermal shock tests and rocket combustor environmental tests were performed. A carbon/carbon composites with SiC/C graded coating showed good performance. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 243-246 CVDでZrB2セラミックスにSIC-C傾斜コーティングするときの残留応力と応力緩和 Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation in CVD・SIC-C Gradient Coatings on ZrB2 Ceramics ZhongZhe Jin、Guixin Liu、Tingji WangAdvanced Ceramics Research Institute of China Building Materials Academy P. R. China ZhongZhe Jin, Guixin Liu, Tingji WangAdvanced Ceramics Research Institute of China Building Materials Academy P. R. China  SiC-C gradient coatings were prepared by thermal Chemical Vopor Deposition (CVD) method. Through the analysis of the residual stress, microstructure and composition of the gradient coatings, it can be considered that thermal stress plays an important effect on the residual stress of the coatings in thermal CVD process. The residual stress relaxation of the coatings is attributed to the transition layer (with amorphous pyrolysis carbon phase). High temperature annealing has an effect on the residual stress of the gradient coatings. Further more, the mechanical property of the substrate may be improved by CVD coatings. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 247-252 Ni-Cr 合金/イットリア安定化ジルコニアサーメットのプラズマ/溶射コーティングにおける機械的特性の研究 Study of Mechanical Properties in Plasma/Sprayed Coating of, Ni-Cr Alloy/Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cermet 滝川浩、古賀正実知*1、斉藤亨*2、北口三郎*2、下田信之*2新日本製鐵株式会社　Plant & machinary Division　804　北九州市戸畑区中原46-59*1 新日本製鐵株式会社　New Business Development Div. Plant & machinary Division　100　東京都千代田区大手町２丁目６－３*2 新日本製鐵株式会社　接合研究センター　2nd Research Laboratory　229　相模原市渕野辺５丁目１０－１ Hiroshi TAKIGAWA, Masamichi KOGA*1, Toru SAITO*2, Saburo KITAGUCHI*2, Nobuyuki SHIMODA*2R & D Dept. Plant & machinary Division, Nippon Steel Corp. 46-59, Nakabaru, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, 804, JAPAN *1 New Business Development Div. Plant & machinary Division Nippon Steel Corp. 6-3, Ohtemachi 2 Chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100, JAPAN *2 Joining Technology Lab. 2nd Research Laboratory Nippon Steel Corp. 10-1, Fuchinobe 5 Chome, Sagamihara, 229, JAPAN  Mechanical properties of Ni-Cr/YSZ (Yttria-stabilized Zirconia) cermet were measured by flexing test. The specimens were made by low pressure plasma spray. The flexural strength of Ni-Cr abruptly falls with a little ratio of YSZ. Where the concentration of YSZ are over 10-15%, however, the declining rates of strength with increase of YSZ concentration are small. 100% NiCr coatings show plasticity in high temperature. Coatings with low YSZ concentration have rapid decrease of strength in high temperature. Coatings with 50% YSZ tend to sustain strength over 700 C. Feature of Elastic modulus shows similar tendency with the strength though the distribution of the value is broad. In addition, coefficient of thermal expansion were measured. The result shows that the coefficient of cermet can be expected arithmetically from the ratio of each element. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 257-262 TiC-Ni FGMのガス圧燃焼焼結 Gas-Pressure Combustion Sintering of TiC-Ni FGM 宮本欽生、中西宏之、田中功、岡本平山田修大阪大学　産業科学研究所　567　大阪府茨木市大阪産業大学　教養部　574　大阪府大東市 Yoshinari Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Isao Tanaka, Taira Okamoto and Osamu YamadaProcessing Research Center for High Performanoe Materials, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, JAPAN College of General Education, Osaka Industrial University, Daito, Osaka 574  The Gas-Pressure Combustion Sintering as a simultaneous synthesis and rapid densification process was applied to fabricate the Functionally Gradient Material (FGM). Firstly, non-graded homogeneous composites of TiC-Ni were fabricated from the mixed reactants of Ti, C and Ni prior to make the FGM and examined with respect to the combustion reaction, densification, microstructure and mechanical properties. They were fully densified for various Ni contents at 100MPa of Ar gas pressure. The smaller grains of TiC were formed with increasing Ni content due to the dilution of reaction heat. The fracture toughness increased remarkably from 3.6 to 17 MPam1/2 between 0 and 30wt%Ni. Flexural strength was 580MPa for TiC-10wt% Ni composite. Based on these experiments, preliminary samples of the FGM with Ni compositions gradually changing between 0 to 30wt% and to 100wt% were made from laminated reactants of different Ni compositions. The addition of TiC fine powder was useful to control the microstructure of FGM. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 263-268 ガス圧燃焼焼結プロセスによる (MoSi2-SiC)/TiAl傾斜機能材料の製造 Fabrication of (MoSi2-SiC)/TiAl Functionally Gradient Materials by Gas-Pressure Combustion Sintering Process 松崎祐司、藤岡順三、南方俊一、宮本欽生川崎重工業株式会社　明石技術研究所*大阪大学　産業科学研究所 Yuji Matsuzaki, Junzo Fujioka, Shun-ichi Minakata, Yoshinari Miyamoto*Akashi Technical Institute, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD. *Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University  The purpose of this study is to apply Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) to active cooling structure in airframes and engines of hypersonic vehicles. Fabrication of (MoSi2-SiC/TiAl FGM with high specific strength and oxidaion resistance by Gas-pressure combustion sintering was discussed, especially for minimizing the residual stress which is generated during the fabrication process. The residual stress was greatly influenced by compositional distribution of FGM, and limiting compositional distribution to reduce the critical residual stress below an acceptable level was examined. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 269-272 ダイナミックイオンミキシングプロセスによる部分安定化ZrO2およびCuのFGMの製造 Partially Stabilized ZrO2 and Cu FGM Prepared by Dynamic Ion Mixing Process 近崎充夫、Yoshitaka KOJIMA、中島昌一、深谷友紀子株式会社　日立製作所　日立研究所　317　茨城県日立市幸町3丁目1-1 Mitsuo CHIGASAKl, Yoshitaka KOJIMA, Shoichi NAKASHIMA, Yukiko FUKAYAHitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. 1-1, Saiwaicho 3 chome, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki-ken 317, Japan  Non-FGM and FGM of partially stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) and Cu system have been prepared by dynamic ion mixing process. Although peeling off of the PSZ film on the Cu substrate is observed in conventional evaporation process, non-FGM with the outer PSZ film of 35 micrometers thickness is obtained under the irradiation of 10keV oxygen ion beam in dynamic ion mixing process. It is confirmed that by controlling the evaporation rates of PSZ and Cu, PSZ-Cu FGM with wonted composition profile can be easily prepared by this process. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 273-275 気体一酸化シリコンによる黒鉛の反応 Reaction of Graphite with Gaseous Silicon Monoxide 今井久、藤井貴美夫、野村真三日本原子力研究所　Department of Fuels and Materials Research　319-11　茨城県那珂郡東海村 Hisashi IMAI, Kimio FUJII and Shinzo NOMURADepartment of Fuels and Materials Research, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken 319-11, Japan  A FGM of SiC/C was fabricated to improve its oxidation resistance of a graphite material in nuclear grade. The graphite sample was reacted with silicon monoxide gasified at 1285deg.C or 1300deg.C in helium stream at 1300, 1350 and 1380deg.C, and silicon carbide (SiC) was formed by exchange between C and Si atoms in the reaction. The fabricated FGM sample has gradient in the SiC concentration in both the graphite grains and the graphite sample. The profile of SiC concentration in the FGM sample is able to be expressed as log10 (SiC/C+SiC) = - AX, where A is constant and X is depth from the surface of sample. It is possible to choose the A of any value by changing the reaction temperature and the reaction period. The FMG showed excellent oxidation resistance in the atmosphere at elevated temperatures. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 277 摩擦溶接材料への傾斜機能特性の付与 Providing Gradient of Functional Characteristics of Friction Weldments Parts L. Prisnyakova, V. Domoratsky, A. Sanin, V. NikolayevDniepropetrovsk State University, USSR L. Prisnyakova, V. Domoratsky, A. Sanin, V. NikolayevDniepropetrovsk State University, USSR  Sintered low-alloyed carboncontaining Fe-materials are known to be of high strength when carbon content is 1%. The decrease of this content to 0.3-0.4% provides for their weldability, its increase up to 1.5-2.5% betters their antifriction properties. But in both cases the strength is decreased. A combination of weldability, strength and good antifriction properties is impossible to manufacture bushes according to the conventional technology.       Sintered materials have specific features of their physical and mechanical behaviour and in their structures which are different from those of conventional metallic materials. The present paper is aimed at the use of their potentialities to develop the technology for producing friction weldments with the gradient of functional characteristics. On the basis of computational and experimental temperature patterns determination during are welding in CO2 medium the necessary thickness of gradient functional layer was found out which provides for a satisfactory weldability of the bush external surface made of Fe-materials with the carbon content of 0.5-3%. Temperature and time conditions to form a functional gradient of the layer with antifriction characteristics on the friction surface, (the bush internal surface) were determined simultaneousIy. The method for obtaining gradient functional layers, which yields a combination of satisfactory weldability, strength and good antifriction properties was developed.        Kinetics of structural transformations is investigated in high-temperature near-surface areas of the heat-affected zone. The study was also carried out on the change of maximum hardness of this zone depending on the presence (absence) of functional characteristics gradient, on the influence of welding energy on the hardness of a recrystallized zone and on kinetics of chemical and thermal transformations of special additions on the friction surface under the influence of welding heat. The study of major laws for weldment destruction under a low-cycle load and of the obtained antifriction properties showed that parts with functional gradient over section have substantially higher operation characteristics. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 279-282 Al2O3-Wサーメットのシステムにおける構造と特性の変化 Evolution of Structure and Characteristics in the System of Al2O3-W Cermets Vladimir KotekResearch Institute for Electroceramics, Hradec Kralove, Czechoslovakia Vladimir KotekResearch Institute for Electroceramics, Hradec Kralove, Czechoslovakia  Two structural types of Al2O3-W cermets with various tungsten compositions from 10 to 90 wt% have been fabricated by employing different powder mixing procedures. One procedure utilizes the metal-ceramic powders prepared by overlaying Al2O3 granules with tungsten powder and the other dry milling the starting powders. Some physical and mechanical properties of such as density, electrical resistivity, thermal expansion and fIexural strength were investigated in relation to their microstructure evolutions from the ceramic to the metal matrix. The Al2O3-W composites can be applied as the functional parts or the FGMs with easiness in shaping by electric discharge cutting. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 283 一体型セラミック表層を含む繊維補強金属 Fiber Reinforced Metals with Integrated Ceramic Surface Layer Bloschies, Essig, MielkeKolbenschmidt Company, Germany Bloschies, Essig, MielkeKolbenschmidt Company, Germany  The heat conductivity of compound materials with metal matrix will be reduced by an integrated ceramic surface layer. This surface layer is not subsequently coated; but is a component of a fiber ceramic which will be infiltrated. The integration of this thermal insulating layer avoids bonding defects of the conventional techniques.       The novel compound material results from the infiltration of a fiber ceramic with melt. In addition to the ceramic surface layer this special fiber ceramic has a gradient concerning the fiber volume. The thermal fatigue resistance of the new compound material will be investigated, the test of a Diesel piston is intended. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 285-290 傾斜機能材料の熱物理学的特性の分布を測定することについての実効可能性調査 Feasibility Study of Thermophysical Property Distribution Measurement of Functionally Gradient Materials Tetsuya BABA, Tsuyoshi MATSUMOTO, Akira ONOTakeshi SANO計量研究所　茨木県つくば市　305　茨木県旭化学合成株式会社　174　東京都板橋区 Tetsuya BABA, Tsuyoshi MATSUMOTO, Akira ONO, Takeshi SANONational Rresearch Laboratory of Metrology Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, JAPAN Asahi Chemical Synthetic Co., Ltd Itabashi, Tokyo 174, JAPAN  A laser flash method is expanded applicable to measurement of thermal diffusivity distribution of functionally gradient materials. Composition gradient along the flat surface of a specimen diagonally cut out from an original block of a functionally gradient material corresponds to that along the depth of the original block. The front surface of the specimen is irradiated by a spatially homogenized beam of a pulsed glass-laser. One dimensional distribution of the transient temperature rise of the rear surface of the specimen is simultaneously measured using a high speed thermal imaging system. Thermal diffusivity, alpha(x), is calculated from the temperature excursion curve at the point, x, based on the same analysis as the usual laser flash method. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 291-295 熱流束が高いときのＦＧＭの熱的および機械的特性についての実験研究 Experimental Study on Thermo-mechanical Properties of FGMs at High Heat Fluxes 熊川彰長、* 佐々木正樹、* 高橋守、* 新野正之、* 足立直人,** 有川秀行****科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所 　981-15　宮城県角田市君萱小金沢１**三菱重工業株式会社　455　愛知県名古屋市港区大江町１０番地***株式会社　日立製作所　日立研究所　317　茨城県日立市幸町3-1-1 A. KUMAKAWA,* M. SASAKI,* M. TAKAHASHI,* M. Niino,* N. ADACHI,** H. ARIKAWA****: Kakuda Research Center National Aerospace Laboratory, STA 1, Koganezawa, Kimigaya, Kakuda, Miyagi 981-15, Japan **: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co, Ltd. 10, Ohe-cho, Minato, Nagoya, Aichi 455, Japan ***: Hitachi Laboratory, Hitachi Co, Ltd, 3-1-1, Saiwaicho, Hitachi, Ibaragi 317, Japan  A method of evaluating the thermo-mechanical properties of Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) under conditions of high heat fluxes has been developed. The top surface of the specimen is heated by a beam of light from a 30 kW Xe arc lamp, and the bottom surface is cooled with liquid nitrogen in a vacuum vessel for loading the specimen with high heat fluxes. Cyclical heating of the specimen was achieved by use of a shutter.       The thermo-mechanical properties, especially the thermal fatigue properties, of two kinds of FGM specimens, namely PSZ (Partially Stabilized ZrO2)/Ni-Cr and TiB2/Cu were evaluated. It was observed that macro- and micro-cracks were generated in these specimens and that the effective thermal conductivity of these FGM specimens decreased as the number of thermal cycles increased. It was concluded that the thermomechanical properties of FGM could be evaluated based on the changes of the effective thermal conductivity. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 297-305 FGM製造のためのスモールパンチテスト法の開発 Development of Small Punch Test Procedure for FGM Fabrication 斎藤雅弘、高橋秀明東北大学　工学部　破壊力学応用研究施設　980　宮城県仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 Masahiro SAITO, Hideaki TAKAHASHITohoku University, Faculty of Engineering, Research Institute for Fracture Technology, Aramaki Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai, 980, JAPAN  Recently, several Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) have been manufactured in the course of FGM project in Japan. This paper describes mainly the experimental investigation into the miniaturized specimen test procedure. In order to evaluate fracture strength for ceramic or metal/ceramics composite materials, namely, Non-FGMs, Small Punch (SP) test and, for brittle materials, Modified Small Punch (MSP) test which improved SP testing method in the clamping condition of specimen and the deflection measurement were performed. The characteristics of SP/MSP testing procedure is to make it possible to evaluate Young's modulus, fracture strength, yield strength, fracture strain, and fracture energy etc. from room to very high temperature with high accuracy and good reproducibility for ductile and brittle materials. On the other hand, fracture toughness tests were examined, and inspected correlation between fracture toughness and fracture stress by SP /MSP tests data to predict fracture toughness value utilizing miniaturized specimens. Within working group activities some round robin experiments have been carried out to standardize the testing procedure on SP/MSP test for preparation of data base with respect to deflection and fracture. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 307-312 ＦＧＭにおける破壊の問題と傾斜界面および傾斜コーティングへの応用 Fracture Problems in FGMs and Applications to Graded Interfaces and Coatings F. ErdoganDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA 18015 F. ErdoganDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA 18015  In this paper the basic axisymmetric and plane strain crack problems in a nonhomogeneous solid with continuously varying elastic properties are considered. The problem is encountered in studying the fracture mechanics of certain geophysical materials such as shale-sandstone interfaces, tailored materials with graded properties such as the nonhomogeneous cermets, interfacial zones in a variety of bonded materials, and thin films or coatings deposited on ceramic or metal substrates. First, the effect of the material nonhomogeneity parameter on the stress intensity factors in functionally gradient materials containing an axisymmetric or a plane strain crack will be examined. Certain results for the two important groups of fracture problems simulating debonding and fracture penetration processes, namely a crack lying along the interface and that perpendicular to and terminating at the interface will then be discussed. Sample results will be given for nonhomogeneous interfacial zones and for graded coatings bonded to a homogeneous substrate. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 313-319 超高温下における傾斜機能材料の破壊力学 Fracture Mechanics of Functionally Gradient Materials at an Ultra-High Temperature 平野一美、鈴木隆之機械技術研究所　305　茨城県つくば市並木 1-2 Kazumi HIRANO and Takayuki SUZUKIMechanical Engineering Laboratory Agency of Industrial Science and Technology Ministry of international Trade and Industry Namiki 1-2, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305, JAPAN  Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) are extremely attractive as a high performance material for severe environments in a field of aeronautic and aerospace technology. The final goal of this study is to establish the FGMs material design concepts of high performance (high strength, high toughness and high durability) for ultra-high temperature environments. Firstly, the flexural and fracture toughness tests were performed on ZrO2/Ni, TiB2/Cu, MoSi2/TiAl and SiC/C NonFGMs in a controlled vacuum environment up to 2000deg.C by using the newly developed testing facilities. Dependences of the flexural strength on both the composition ratio and test temperature are made a clear from fractographic examinations. Secondly, the relationship between flexural strength and fracture toughness is investigated on the basis of a linear-elastic fracture mechanics. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 321-326 傾斜機能材料の超音波のシミュレーション Simulation of Ultrasonic Wave of Functionally Gradient Materials 島田道男*、天田重庚***船舶技術研究所　材料加工部　181　東京都三鷹市新川6-38-1 **群馬大学　Department of Mechanical system Engineering, School of Engineering　376　群馬県桐生市天神町1-5-1 Michio Shimada*, Sigeyasu Amada*** Material Processing Division, Ship Research Institute, Ministry of Transport 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitakasi, Tokyo 181, Japan ** Department of Mechanical system Engineering, School of Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjincho, Kiryusi, Gunma 376, Japan  Ultrasonic Characteristic of FGM sheet material has been numerically investigated to get fundamental information for material evaluation and testing of FGM. In case of sheet material, ultrasonic velocity depends on frequency and thickness in addition to material constants (Young Modulus, Poisson's ratio, Density). Therefore, ultrasonic wave which has no velocity dispersion can travel with stable mode and other wave can not travel steadily. We have developed numerical calculation method of these mode using mode analysis method and made clear the effects of gradient material constants on frequency, velocity, amplitude of stable ultrasonic mode. We can use these information to evaluate material constants and to test material soundness. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 327-332 傾斜機能材料の熱衝撃評価 Thermal Shock Evaluation of Functionally Gradient Materials G. A. Schneider and G. PetzowMax-Planck-lnstitute for Metal Research Institute for Material Science, Powdermetallurgical Laboratory, Heisenbergstr, 5, 7000 Stuttgart 80, West Germany G. A. Schneider and G. PetzowMax-Planck-lnstitute for Metal Research Institute for Material Science, Powdermetallurgical Laboratory, Heisenbergstr, 5, 7000 Stuttgart 80, West Germany  A developed computer controlled high temperature radiation thermal shock experiment which allows heating rates up to 1000deg.C/s, maximum temperatures up to 1600deg.C and maximum temperature differences up to 1000deg.C is presented. Temperatures are measured with an infrared pyrometer and used to calculate the stress field. In situ observations of unstable and stable thermal shock crack growth are possible by detecting the acoustic emission and allow the determination of the critical stress intensity factor of the materials. Experimental results for pressureless sintered SiC are shown and the applicability of this equipment for FGM materials is discussed. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 333-338 傾斜機能材料の熱疲労評価 Evaluation on Thermal Fatigue in Functionally Gradient Materials 永田佐登司, 足立直人, Akira SAKAMOTO吉田康之三菱重工業株式会社　名古屋航空宇宙システム製作所　455　愛知県名古屋市港区大江町１０三菱重工業株式会社　Hiroshima R & D Center　733　広島県広島市西区観音新町４-６－２２ Satoshi NAGATA, Naohito ADACHI, Akira SAKAMOTO, Yasuyuki YOSHIDAMitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. Nagoya Aerospace System Works 10 Oye, Minato, Nagoya, Aichi, 455 JAPAN  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. Hiroshima R & D Center 4-6-22, Kannonshinmachi, Nishi, Hiroshima, 733 JAPAN  Functionally Gradient Materials have been developed to apply to thermal barrier systems of spaceplanes under heavy heat conditions. Therefore, the durability for thermal shocks is one of the most important properties for FGM. The objective of this study was to develop the evaluation methods on thermal fatigue properties of FGM exposed to repeated thermal shocks. By irradiating CO2 LASER beam. the FGM and non-FGM specimens were subjected to thermal shocks. and the relation between the power of LASER and the critical number of thermal shocks. when the cracks occurred, was determined. From these test results, it was indicated that FGM had better durability for thermal shocks than non-FGM. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 339-344 傾斜機能材料板での定常熱応力 Steady Thermal Stresses in a Plate of Functionally Gradient Material 野田直剛、辻知章静岡大学　機械工学科　432　静岡県浜松市城北3 Naotake NODA, Tomoaki TSUJIDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka Unizersity 3 chome, Jyohoku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 432, JAPAN  A functionally gradient material (FGM) which decreases thermal stresses has been developed for structural components and/or mechanical elements such as nuclear, aircraft and space engineering. The steady state thermal stresses in laminated plates with two and three layers, and in a plate of the FGM are treated. The fundamental method for relaxation of thermal stress is considered for the laminated plates with two and three layers. Moreover, we discuss the plate of an idealized FGM, and an optimal composition and an optimal porosity in the plate of FGM with the porosity will be determined. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 345-350 過渡的計測法による傾斜機能材料の熱拡散率評価 Evaluation of Thermal Diffusivity of Functionally Gradient Material Obtained by Transient Measuring Methods 荒木信幸、三原純、牧野敦静岡大学　工学部　Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering 　432　静岡県浜松市城北3丁目5-1 Nobuyuki ARAKI, Jun MIHARA and Atsushi MAKINODepartment of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University 5-1 Johoku 3-Chome, Hamamatsu 432, JAPAN  Transient methods such as those with pulsewise or stepwise heating have been applied to various composite materials for measuring thermal diffusivities, to obtain thermal conductivities. Such a treatment needs great care because the thermal diffusivity obtained from the temperature response is apparent and different from that of averaged property of the material. This demands a definite relation between the apparent and averaged thermal diffusivities, especially for functionally gradient materials (FGM). The objectives and contributions of the present study are the following. First, a relation between the apparent and averaged thermal diffusivities for the two-layered material is examined and an approximate expression is derived for the apparent thermal diffusivity, which depends on the measuring method. Second, an analytical solution of the temperature response is obtained for the multi-layered material, which becomes FGM when the thickness of each layer is infinitesimal. Finally, it has conducted to estimate the profile functions of the thermophysical properties with assuming FGM as the multi-layered material. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 351-352 傾斜機能材料の超高温試験法 Ultra-High Temperature Testing Methodologies for Functionally Gradient Materials  平野一美、鈴木隆之、松野建一通商産業省　工業技術院　機械技術研究所　茨城県つくば市並木 1-2 Kazumi HIRANO, Takayuki SUZUKI and Kennichi MATSUNO Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, MITI,  Namiki 1-2, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305, JAPAN.   INTRODUCTION    Recently, it has been the most important and urgent problems to develop and standardize the ultra-high temperature testing methodologies for the research and development of advanced materials for primary aerospace and aeronautic structural applications as well as for the construction of a useful database. It is necessary to investigate the mechanism of deformation and fracture behavior at ultra-high temperature ranges( T>1300deg.C). The present paper concerns the first successful attempt to research and develop the technology for advanced materials testing at ultra-high temperatures in vacuum and inert gas environments up to 2000deg.C. It is firstly reported here the new strain measurement methodology based on image processing technique using a high resolution CCD camera. Secondly, the researched and developed testing methodologies are applied to ultra-high temperature tensile and fracture mechanics testings of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) and two dimensionally carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites (2DC/Cs) (1).  English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 353-358 高温回転部材へのFGM応用に関する基礎研究 A Fundamental Study on the Application of FGM to High-Temperature Rotating Members 瀧將展、藤沢良昭、祖父江靖、吉田豊明航空宇宙技術研究所　 熱流体力学部& 原動機部　182　東京都調布市深大寺東町7-44-1 Masanobu TAKI, Yoshiaki FUJISAWA, Yasushi SOFUE, Toyoaki YOSHIDAThermofluid-Dynamics Division & Aero-Engine Division National Aerospace Laboratory, STA 7-44-1, Jindaiji-higashi, Chofu, Tokyo 182, JAPAN  The fundamental evaluation method of the functionally gradient material (FGM) applied to the combined condition of thermal and mechanical load has been developed. The pipe-shaped FGM test pieces were heated from their outer side and simultaneously cooled from their inner side. Under this condition, they were subjected to one-dimensional mechanical loads by a tension test apparatus. Using the thin film temperature sensing system and the acoustic emission (AE) detecting system, their thermal barrier effect and mechanical damage have been investigated to evaluate the practical property of FGMs. With the combination of 8Y-PSZ and NiCoCrAlY as the two component materials of the FGM, at a 500deg.C level temperature drop, it has been shown that the FGMs have a considerably good bonding property compared with the conventional thermal barrier coating (TBC) having the same material combination. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 359-363 粒子-分散セラミックス複合材料で界面ＦＧＭフィルムが熱応力へ及ぼす影響 Effects of Interfacial FGM Films on Thermal Stresses in Particle-Dispersed Ceramic Composites Osamu Kimura and Hidemi Watanabe*湘南工科大学　材料工学　251　神奈川県藤沢市*足利工業大学　機械工学科　326　栃木県足利市 Osamu Kimura and Hidemi Watanabe*Dept. of materials science and Ceramic Technology at Shonan Institute of Technology, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251, Japan *Dept. of Mechanical Engineering at Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326, Japan  Recently, many studies are found on dispersing particles into ceramic matrix to improve its mechanical properties. Compressive stresses as well as tensile stresses are expected in the composites where the matrix has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the particle. Because such mismatch in thermomechanical properties can result in brittle composites, it is important to explore some approaches to reduce thermal stresses in composites.      This paper describes the effects of an FGM film at the particle/matrix interface on the stresses due to thermal contraction mismatch upon cooling by using the formal elastic theory. The dispersed particles are assumed to be spherical and uniformly covered with films of FGMs or of other materials having various properties. In the case of a uniform film, the problem can be solved quite generally, however, in an FGM film, only for an elastically homogeneous composite. Analysis are considered for the particle/matrix systems, in particular for SiC/Al2O3, Al2O3/MgO composites and etc. Reduction of thermal stress is shown to occur when the interfacial film is a sufficiently thick FGM film or a film of a low Young's modulus. Also, when the particle has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the matrix, the interfacial stresses decrease as the thermal expansion coefficient of the film increases. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 365-373 レーザー照射による熱衝撃および熱疲労のテスト方法 Laser Irradiation Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Test Procedure 橋田俊之、高橋秀明東北大学　工学部　破壊力学応用研究施設　980　宮城県仙台市青葉区 Toshiyuki Hashida and Hideaki TakahashiResearch Institute for Fracture Technology, Tohoku University Aobaku, Sendai 980, Japan  A laser technique for evaluating the thermal shock and fatigue resistance of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) was demonstrated. The method utilizes laser heating to simulate various transient thermal loads under high heat flux conditions. Conventional plasma-sprayed ZrO2 coating and FGMs consisting of ZrO2 and NiCrAlY were used to develop the laser technique. Laser thermal shock and thermal cycling tests identified two possible fracture processes which cause the eventual spallation of ZrO2 layer in conventional coating materials. The results of AE monitoring demonstrated that the AE technique can detect the onset of these fracture processes during the laser heating tests. Based on the AE characteristics, the effect of gradient composition in FGMs on the thermal shock resistance was examined. It was shown that the critical laser power for the FGMs was about three times higher than that of the conventional ZrO2 coating, indicating the effectiveness of FGMs to mitigate the induced thermal stress. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 375-378 接触表面のセラミックコーティングへの影響実験 Catalytic Surface Effect Experiment on Ceramic Coatings 渡辺泰夫、渡辺光則、松崎貴至科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所　空気力学部　高エンタルピ流研究室　182　東京都調布市深大寺東町7-44-1 Yasuo WATANABE, Mitsunori WATANABE, Takashi MATSUZAKIHigh Enthalpy Fluw Laboratory, Aerodynamics Division, National Aerospace Laboratory, STA 7-44-1, Jindaijihigashicho, Chofu, Tokyo 182, JAPAN  The evaluation study of FGM in an arc-heated wind tunnel where aerodynamic heating environment is simulated is reported. Test flow conditions are investigated and preliminary test of sample ceramic coatings are performed. The role and importance of surface catalytic activity on heat flux reduction is stressed. English Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Functionally Gradient MaterialsFGM'90 7 1990-12-31 379 窒化シリコンタイプセラミックの高温腐食および機械的特性 High Temperature Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nitride Type Ceramics M. Van de VoordeInstitute for Advanced Materials, Joint Research Centre P. O. Box2.1755ZG Petten, The Netherlands M. Van de VoordeInstitute for Advanced Materials, Joint Research Centre P. O. Box2. 1755ZG Petten, The Netherlands  Materials play an important role in high temperature technology i. e. aerospace and aero-engines, advanced energy technology, automobile industry and chemical plants.       The operating conditions of modern industrial installations will be highlighted and it will be demonstrated that metallic materials operate at their limit of capabilities.       In the future, silicon nitride materials have prospective in innovative industries. The paper reports on the high temperature corrosion and the thermo-mechanical properties of silicon nitride monolithics; composite bases Si3N4 and ceramic joining systems. Reference will also be made to the need of testmethodologies and a hint be given to the lack of test facilities and test data at very high temperature, in corrosive environments of vital importance for the modern industrial society. English