# Fileset [fgm-2005.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/9fb0301c-e247-491d-a160-15645b1ac0cc/download) ## Creator National Institute for Materials Science ## Rights ## Other metadata [Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/17533cb5-057e-4ddf-8b25-be48dbd22af2) ## Fulltext Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 1-6 遠心力晶出法によるAl-Al2Cu傾斜機能材料作製時の冷却速度分布の推算 Estimation of the cooling Rate Distribution during Fabrication of Al-Al2Cu FGM by a Centrifugal in-situ Method 村上智矢/名古屋工業大学大学院工学研究科　大学院生佐藤尚,渡辺義見/名古屋工業大学大学院工学研究科　おもひ領域 Tomoya Murakami / Department of Engineering Physics, Electronics and Mechanics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanHisashi Sato and Yoshimi Watanabe / Omohi College, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Cooling rate is one of the important factors to control the casting structure. Fast cooling rate makes a fine casting-structure, and slow cooling rate makes a course casting-structure. Because the size of structure effects on its mechanical property, estimation of cooling rate for casting is important. In this study, the distribution of cooling rate during fabrication of functionally graded material(FGM) made by the centrifugal method was estimated using Al-Cu alloys. Lamella spacing of Al-Al2Cu FGMs depends on cooling rate during solidification. Using the lamella spacing and the volume fraction of Al2Cu in Al-Al2Cu FGMs, the equation of cooling rate in Al-Al2Cu FGMs was derived. It was found that the cooling rate in Al-Al2Cu FGMs increased in the Al-Al2Cu FGM from the center toward to surface. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 7-12 遠心力晶出法によるAl-Al2Cu傾斜機能材料作製 Al-Al3Ti FGMs Produced by a Centrifugal In-Situ Method P.D.Sequeira, Yoshimi Watanabe / Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, japanYoshihiro Oya-seimiya / Advanced Materials R&D Center (AMRC), Meisesi University, Tokyo, Japan P.D.Sequeira, Yoshimi Watanabe / Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, japanYoshihiro Oya-seimiya / Advanced Materials R&D Center (AMRC), Meisesi University, Tokyo, Japan The centrifugal method is one of the methods by which functionally graded materials (FGMs) can be obtained. In the present study an Al-Al3Ti FGM was produced by a centrifugal in-situ method from an Al-5mass%Ti master alloy. In the centerifugal in-situ method the material is heated to a temperature above the liquidus line. Therefore centrifugal force was applied during solidification of both the intermetallic compound and the matrix. Microstructural characterization of the Al-Al3Ti FGM was performed and the results are presented and discussed. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 13-18 重力場と遠心力場での円盤状粒子の挙動 Tranport Phenomena of Circular Disks Suspended in Centrifugal and Non-Centrifugal force Environment 鳥居修一/熊本大工田中智行,矢野利明/鹿児島大工渡辺義見/名古屋工大 Shuichi Torii / Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanSatoyuki Tanaka, Toshiaki Yano / Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, JapanYoshimi Watanabe / Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Theoretical and experimental study is performed on suspension particle motion in centrifugal and non-centrifugal force environment, i.e., in both the axially rotating drum and the stable liquid tank. The particle velocity of the circular disk is measured by PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) method and is predicted by BBO (Basset-Boussinesq-Ossen) equation. It is found that (1)as time progresses, one side of the disk in the axially rotating drum is attracted toward the drum wall and its velocity is affected by the rotating speed, (2)when the particle moves in the Stocks' regime, its velocity is linearly increased with the distance from the center of the drum, (3)in contrast, the autorotation of the disk occurs in the non-centrifugal force field, and (4)the corresponding drag coefficient in the low Reynolds number region is in good agreement with the theoretical value of the sphere. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 19-24 アルミナ球/テフロンチューブ系フォトニック結晶の創製 Fabrication of Alumina Ball/Teflon Tube Photonic Crystal 堀田孟宏/名古屋工業大学院生渡辺義見/名古屋工業大学工学研究科桐原聡秀,宮本欽生/大阪大学接合科学研究所 Takehiro Hotta, Yoshimi Watanabe / Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanSoshu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyamoto / Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Cotton yarn / TiO2 dispersed resin photonic crystals were fabricated successfully by applying textile technology. However, it is difficult to apply for practical use because these photonic crystals cannot change their shape flexibly. In this study, we have tried to fabricate the flexible photonic crystals using high dielectric constant fibers. The high dielectric constant fibers were made by inserting alumina balls into Teflon tubes of superior electric properties. The crossed linear-fiber laminated fabric and multi layered woven fabric with an fcc lattice structure were structured by aligning the high dielectric constant fibers periodically. These photonic crystals consist of air and high dielectric constant fibers. The attenuation of transmission amplitude through the photonic crystals was measured using a network analyzer. The photonic crystal of crossed linear-fiber laminated fabric exhibits a forbidden gap in the range from 16 to 18 GHz range. On the other hand, the photonic crystal of multi layered woven fabric, which was fabricated by the same parameter with crossed linear-fiber laminated fabric, also exhibits a forbidden gap in the range from 13 to 16 GHz range. Thus, we can successfully fabricate the flexible photonic crystals of woven fabric using the high dielectric constant fibers. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 25-30 金属製シアピンスキーカーペットにおける電磁波特性 Electromagnetic Properties of Metal Sierpinski Carpets 堤幸太,桐原聡秀,宮本欽生/大阪大学接合科学研究所 Kota Tsutsumi, Sosyu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyamoto / Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan A fractal is defined as an irregular structure with self-similarity. Menger sponge structure is a three dimensional fractal. We found that a Menger sponge structure made of dielectric materials or metal can localize strongly the incident electromagnetic waves with specific frequency. Such a structure with the localization function is named as photonic fractal. Recently, some unique electromagnetic properties were observed at a Sierpinski carpet structure. In this study, we fabricated the Sierpinski carpets by impregnating the molten metal into the molds. The molds were fabricated with epoxy by CAD/CAM process. The reflectance properties were measured using network analyzer. We also calculated the electric field profile using 3D electromagnetic simulation software. Sharp attenuations of reflectance were observed for metal Sierpinski Carpets. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 31-36 インバースダイヤモンド型フォトニック結晶による電磁バンドギャップの形成 Electromagnetic Band Gap Formation in Photonic Crystal with Inverse Diamond Structure 桐原聡秀,宮本欽生 Soshu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyamoto Three-dimensional photonic crystals with the periodic variations in dielectric constant were fabricated by using stereolithography of a CAD/CAM process. The millimeter order inverse diamond structures were designed to exhibit forbidden bands in a GHz frequency range. Air spheres were arranged periodically in epoxy bulks containing titania-silica particles with high dielectric constant. The attenuation of transmission amplitude of microwave was measured by using horn antennas and network analyzer. The samples exhibited a common energy gap for tau-X(100), tau-K(110), tau-L(111) directions in the microwave band of 9.2-10.8 GHz. The obtained results fairly agreed with the theoretical simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation through photonic crystals. This result suggests the complete band gap formation in all directions. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 37-41 塑性加工により作製したBi2Te3系熱電材料の接合 The Junction of Bi2Te3-related Thermoelectric Materials Prepared by Plastic Deformation 荒木洋志,森崎義則,北川裕之,長谷崎和洋 Hirishi Araki, Yoshinori Morisaki, Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Kazuhiro Hasezaki Junction study of Bi2Te3-related materials was performed. The cold or pulse current hot pressed Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 were used as starting materials. These materials were joined by the pulse current hot pressing technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that joined materials were highly oriented to hexagonal (00*l) plane at surface and interface of the samples. However, some cracks were observed at junction interface. Therefore, figure of merit stays low value although crystal orientation and carrier concentration were suitable for thermoelectric conversion. It is expected that excellent thermoelectric properties can be obtained by improving the junction conditions in order to remove the cracks. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 43-48 ポリチオフェン系熱電材料の構造制御と性能向上 Structural Control and Improved Performance of Polythiophene Thermoelectric Material 平石謙太朗,篠原嘉一,今井義雄,磯田幸宏,中西八郎 Kentaro Hiraishi, Yoshikazu Shinohara, Yoshio Imai, Yukihiro Isoda, Hachiro Nakanishi Polythiophene films were synthesized by electrolytic polymerization using nitrobenzene as solvent and tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate as electrolyte. The electrolytic concentration, thiophene concentration, electric current and reaction temperature were synthetic parameters. We have evaluated thermoelectric properties of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, hall mobility and career concentration of the films in the in-plane direction. The Seebeck coefficient of polythiophene was larger than other conductive polymers in high conductivity region. The films showed a tendency that figure of merit increased with an increasing electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity was strongly dependent on hall mobility. In addition, the thermoelectric property was evaluated the relation to the structure. High conductivity was due to smooth surface, high compactness, and high crystallinity of monoclinic structure. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 49-54 Pb0.5Sn0.5Te接合材の出力特性 The Output characteristics of jointed material for Pb0.5Sn0.5Te 今井義雄,朱品文,磯田幸宏,篠原嘉一 Yoshio Imai, Pinwen Zhu, Yukihiro Isoda, Yoshikazu Shinohara The lattice component of the thermal conductivity of PbTe and SnTe decreases by making those solid solution. If the Pb1-xSnxTe solid solution with the smallest lattice component of the thermal conductivity can change the carrier concentration, Pb1-xSnxTe solid solution will be obtained big output by these combinations. We investigated the output characteristics of Pb0.5Sn0.5Te by FGM of carrier concentration at the temperature region of 300-800K. The carrier concentration of the sintering material for Pb0.5Sn0.5Te varied according to cooling rate of solidification material. The effective maximum power of joined material was about 60W/m at the temperature difference of 450K, and was 1.5times the homogeneity material of the same specific resistance. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 55-60 レーザーCVD法による構造傾斜耐プラズマイットリアコーティング Preparation of Structure-graded Yttria Film for Plas,a-resistant Coating by Laser CVD 木村禎一,Ryan BANAL,後藤孝 Teiichi Kimura, Ryan Banal, Takashi Goto Yttria(Y2O3) films were prepared by laser CVD using an Y(dpm)3 precursor. When the laser power(PL) was lower than 100W, deposition rates were small around 10 micrometer/h comparable to those by conventional thermal CVD. When PL was higher than PL 160 W, deposition rates increased drastically to more than 200 micrometer/h. The highest deposition rate in this study was 270 micrometer/h, which is 100 times higher than that reported in literatures. Film morphologies changed from a dense isotropic structure to a (440) oriented columnar structure with increasing substrate pre-heating temperature. A large amount of nano-pores were formed in columnar film. By changing PL during deposition, a structure-graded yttria film was obtained. Moreover, periodically structure-graded yttria films were also prepared by periodical changing of PL. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 61-66 MPECVD法による軟鋼基板へのダイヤモンド膜の蒸着 Deposition of Diamond Films on Mild Steel Substrates Using MPECVD Technique Saleh Abu Suilik, Yoshinori Toyama, Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Kazuhiro Hasezaki, Yasutoshi Noda Saleh Abu Suilik, Yoshinori Toyama, Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Kazuhiro Hasezaki, Yasutoshi Noda Diamond polycrystalline films were deposited on mild steel substrates using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Effects of deposition conditions on diamond deposition were investigated for both direct deposition and deposition using a silicon buffer layer. The surface reactivity of the mild steel substrate with carbon species was moderated by a 100nm silicon interlayer grown in the substrate. We found that direct deposition on mild steel substrates initially forms a layer of graphite, and diamond nucleation and growth then begins. The use of a silicon interlayer and adjusting deposition conditions enhanced diamond deposition on mild steel substrates in terms of density and size of the diamond crystals produced. Adopting a two-step deposition technique utilizing two different deposition regimes further improved deposition of diamond films. We concluded that diamond films can successfully be deposited on mild steel substrates, thus extending the beneficial use of the outstanding properties of diamond coatings. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 67-72 濾過法による傾斜機能材料の連続積層装置の開発 Development of a continuative laminate molding apparatus of functionally graded materials by a vacuum filtration mathod 小出清孝,内田敬久,市川英章,大島貴充,林二一 Kiyotaka Koide, Yoshihisa Uchida, Hideaki Ichikawa, Takamitsu Oshima, Niichi Hayashi We studied about the product method of the functionally graded materials using the wet process lamination by the way of gradually addition of slurries. This technique is to use the slurries which mixture ratio of raw material changed, these slurries are filtrated step by step cake is formed. Then this cake is consolidated and sintered after dryness. However, since the slurry is filtrated cahanging its ratio in each time, there are some boundaries of lamination remained in the lamination of cake. As a result, it causes separations or cracks between boundaries of layers at sintering. In order to solve this problem, oscillating vacuum filtration system which enables to continuative addition without several step filtrating process, have been proposed. In this process, to start with first slurry (slurry A) is filtrated. During filter operation of slurry A, other slurry (slurry B) is continuously adding to the slurry A and agitating by oscillator. Therefore the lamination of cake without boundaries between laminations can be created. The mechanical properties of developed functionally graded materials using new process, compared with originaly process were experimentally inestigated. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 73-78 加熱試験による伸展ノズル用C/C複合材の材料スクリーニング Material Screening of C/C composites for Extendible Nozzles by Heating Tests 佐藤正喜,森谷信一,只野真,佐藤政裕,日下和夫,長谷川恵一,高橋守,佐々木正樹,熊川彰長 Masaki Sato, Shin-ichi Moriya, Makoto Tadano, Kazuo Kusaka, Keiichi Hasegawa, Mamoru Takahashi, Masaki Sasaki, Akinaga Kumakawa An extendible nozzle is considered to be a useful device to improve the performance of booster engines of reusable launch vehicles. Carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix (C/C) composites coated with SiC are the most appropriate marterials for extendible nozzles due to their mechanical and thermal properties. In order to select the most adequate candidate material, the durability of five kinds of SiC-coated C/C composites were evaluated by heating tests, not only static heating but also cyclic heating were performed to simulate startup and shutdown transient condition. As a result of heating tests, SiC-coated C/C composites by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process showed no significant damage and negligible weight losses both in static heating and in cycling heating, and the possibility of application to reusable extendible nozzles was demonstrated. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 79-84 インコネル合金の3次元自由造形とその機械的特性 3D Freeforming of Inconel Alloy Objects and Their Mechanical Properties 堀井俊嗣,桐原聡秀,宮本欽生,山中昇 Toshihide Horii, Soshu Kirihara, Yoshinari Miyamoto, Noboru Yamanaka A novel freeform fabrication method named 3DMW (3D micro welding) has been developed. It is a combined process of the freeform fabrication method with TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding. In 3DMW process, a micro metal bead with a diameter of ~1.0mm is formed with a micro TIG welder. A fused bead is welded to a metal substrate or previously formed beads. By continuing this process and building up beads layer by layer under the control of computer system, 3D metal objects can be produced. In this study, the optimization of process parameters such as arc pulse and electrode materials for freeforming of Inconel 600 alloy were investigated and simple 3D objects of Inconel 600, SUS 304 and 42 Invar were formed. The interfaces between adjacent beads were joined well and the formed objects have no cracks or pores in their microstructure. The density and Vickers micro hardness of Inconel 600 object showed comparable values to the commercial Inconel alloy. Young's modulus was about 70 % of that of commercial one. The stress-strain curve exhibited that the Inconel objects has no large crack or pore. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 85-90 非平衡凝固Al-Si合金粉末の焼結過程における微細組織と機械的性質の変化 Change in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties during Sintering of Non-equilibrium Solidified Al-Si Alloy Powder 松浦清隆,大参達也,工藤昌行 Kiyotaka Matsuura, Tatsuya Ohmi, Masayuki Kudoh When a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy containing 16-wt% silicon was rapidly solidified into powder using the spinning water atomization process, the individual powder grains were predominantly aluminum that was supersaturated with silicon and also contained well-dispersed 0.02micrometer silicon particles. Although the silicon particles grew when the powder was extruded into a bar at temperatures from 673 to 803 K at an extrusion ratio of 4.3 and an extrusion speed of 0.9 mm/s, the average diameter was maintained on a sub-micron level. When the extrusion temperature was decreased from 803 to 673 K, the average diameter of the silicon particles in the extruded bar decreased from 0.8 to 0.5 micrometer, while the Vickers hardness (HV) and the ultimate tensile strength of the extruded bar increased from 120 to 160 (HV) and from 330 to 500 MPa, respectively. Both the hardness and the tensile strength of the extruded bars were several times higher than those of conventionally cast bars of the same alloy with cooling rates from 10**-1 to 10**2 K/s. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 91-96 犠牲コアへの第3元素添加によるマイクロチャンネルライニング層の組成制御 Composition Control of Microchannel Linig Layer by Third-Element Addition to Sacrificial-Core Metel 高遠将史,大参達也,井口学,松浦清隆,工藤昌行 Masashi Takatoo, Tatsuya Ohmi, Manabu Iguchi, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Masayuki Kudoh We investigated an economical microchanneling process and a method for composition control of microchannel lining layers. The concept for our process is based on a microscopic infiltration phenomenon that often occurs during liquid phase sintering of a mixture of different metals powder, e.g., the mixture of titanium and aluminum. In our microchanneling process, a shaped compound of aluminum powder and an organic binder is used as a sacrificial core. A titanium powder compact containing the sacrificial core is sintered at a temperature above the melting point of aluminum. During sintering of the powder compact, the organic binder is removed and liquid aluminum originating from the aluminum powder flows into narrow capillaries between the titanium powder particles and reacts with the titanium particles to produce Ti-Al alloy layers lining the cavity formed at the sites initially occupied by the sacrificial core. The composition of the lining layer was changed by silicon addition to the sacrificial-core metal. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 97-102 マイクロチャンネル形成に及ぼす基体金属種と犠牲コア金属種の影響 Influence of Base Metel / Sacrificial-Core Metal Combination on Microchannel Formation 佐藤まどか,大参達也,井口学,松浦清隆,工藤昌行 Madoka Sato, Tatsuya Ohmi, Manabu Iguchi, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Masayuki Kudoh We investigated the microchanneling behavior and formation mechanism of microchannel-lining layers in a powder-metallurgical microchanneling process with various combinations of a base metal and a sacrificial-core metal. A base-metal powder compact including a thin sacrificial-core wire was sintered at a temperature above the melting point of the sacrificial-core metal. Ni, Ti, Fe, Cr, Cu or SUS304 stainless steel was used as the base metal, and Al or Sn was used as the sacrificial-core metal. Microchannels with microchannel-lining layers were formed in all sintered specimens. However, the cross-sectional shape of the microchannel and structure of the lining layer varied depending on the combination of the base metal and the sacrificial-core metal. These structures were classified according to two factors of microchanneling, i.e., infiltration and diffusion. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 103-108 Ni-Al系マイクロチャンネルライニング層の組織形成過程 Structure Formation of Ni-Al Microcahnnel Lining Layers 大参達也,桜井雅之,松浦清隆,工藤昌行,井口学 Tatsuya Ohmi, Masayuki Sakurai, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Masayuki Kudoh, Manabu Iguchi We investigated the formation mechanism of microchannels and lining layer in sintered nickel bodies produced by a powder-metallurgical microchanneling process. Nickel powder compacts including thin aluminum wire of 500 micrometer diameter were heated and quenched from various temperatures between 873K and 1473K. Microchannels were formed in the course of heating from 1273K to 1473K. Lining layers were clearly recognized at temperatures above 1073K. The phases composing the lining layers in the specimens were [Al3Ni+Al3Ni2], Al3Ni2 and [NiAl+Ni3Al] for the quenching temperatures of 1073K, 1273K and 1473K, respectively. These results show that the nickel concentration of the lining layers increased as the heat treatment progressed. A multilayer lining with a graded composition was observed in the specimen quenched at 1473K. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 109-113 金属基傾斜機能材料の腐食性評価 Evaluation of corrosion behavior of metal matrix functionally graded materials 野田和彦,渡辺義見 Kazuhiko Noda, Yoshimi Watanabe A functionally graded material which is expected to be used in various situations is one of the intelligent materials. Although it is important to investigate the corrosion behavior of functionally graded materials under the corrosive environment where the materials are used, the evaluation of the corrosion rate is difficult because of the heterogeneity of the materials. Compression of the wedge-shaped specimens of the austenitic stainless steel fabricated the magnetically graded materials. A martensitic transformation was caused by compression. A uniform compressed to stairs-like specimen and a sample compressed to the wedge-shaped specimen were used for the measurement of polarization curves. A martensitic transformation did not influence the polarization behavior and pitting potential of the samples. From the results of an atmospheric corrosion test, large pits were seen on the site where the martensitic phase was exited. Polarization curves and the atmospheric corrosion tests of the functionally graded materials are effective on the research of the corrosion behavior. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 115-118 太陽光熱複合発電システムの開発 Development of the Solar Concentrator Ceneration System Utilizing light and heat 木皿且人,新野正之,鈴木一行,石川東一郎,鈴木拓明 Katsuto Kisara, Masayuki Niino, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Tohichiro Ishikawa, Hiroaki Suzuki Japanese-Chinese international cooperative project started from last year. We proposed the stand-alone small-scale generation of electricity system to The Brightness Plan, which is applied to Chinese western area. This system being small-sized with the hybrid system of electric power and hot water supply is high efficiency, at the same time solar heat utilizes as the Cogeneration. Next spring, we will start demonstration test in Chinese western area. It precedes that we executes test domestically. In this report it reports concerning the summary and the schedule of Demonstration test, which is started at the Chinese inner Mongolia at 2006. And we will report the demonstration machine its basic configuration and concerning the basic module. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 119-124 傾斜機能材料データベースの運用とログ解析 The management of FGMs database and the analysis on the access logs 木皿且人,　紺野智美,　新野正之 Katsuto Kisara, Tomomi Konno, Masayuki Niino This paper reports on the management and maintenance of Functionally Graded Materials Database (FGMs Database) that has been operated by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the analysis of the users based on the access logs recorded during FY 2004. The interests and movements of the users speculated from the analysis was also reported. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 125-126 生物の進化と傾斜機能材料 Biological Evaluation and Functionally Graded Materials 竹本喜一 Kiichi Takemoto Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 127-132 電気泳動法による傾斜機能生体セラミックスの作製 Preparation of Functionally Graded Bioceramics by Electrophoretic Deposition Method 山下仁大 Kimihiro Yamashita Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 133 高効率・低価格の熱電傾斜ナノ材料および太陽光熱ハイブリッド発電システムに関する研究 Research on nano-and graded-thermoelectric materials and hybrid system of photo-and thermo-electric generarors for solar energy with high efficiency and low cost Qingjie Zhang, Xinfeng Tang, Masayuki Niino, Cyoji Endo Qingjie Zhang, Xinfeng Tang, Masayuki Niino, Cyoji Endo The present study, joined by WUT, JAXA and JAST, proposed a new scientific idea for significantly improving the conversion efficiency of present hybrid system of photo- and thermo-electric generators for solar energy application, which is involved in a new system with high conversion efficiency and low cost. Based in the new scientific idea, two key scientific problems were investigated: nano-thermoelectric materials and graded thermoelectric materials; a new hybrid system of photo- and thermo- electric generators for solar energy. The two problems include the following five subjects:*Research on nano- and graded- thermoelectric materials;*Preparation technologies for nano- and graded- thermoelectric materials;*Research and development of thermo-electric modules with high efficiency;*Designing and manufacturing of new hybrid system of photo- and thermo- electricity generators;*Assessment of the properties of new hybrid system of photo- and thermo- electricity generators.The new hybrid system is expected to promote the conversion efficiency of solar energy application to a new level of 16 % from the present 8%, which is a breakthrough in key technology for solar energy application. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 135-140 高耐久・高透明性を実現する無機/有機ナノ傾斜薄膜の創製と機能フィルムへの応用 High-transparency and long-term durability of photocatalytic film HYDWRAP utilizing the inorganic / organic nano-graded intermediate layer 高見和之,田中尚樹,中島章,渡部俊也,橋本和仁 Kazuyuki Takami, Naoki Tanaka, Akira Nakajima, Toshiya Watanabe, Kazuhito Hashimoto Organic and inorganic graft co-polymers with inorganic branches were synthesized using the sol-gel method. By controlling the conformation of co-polymers adsorbed on the organic substrate, self-organized and transparent nano-gradient inorganic/organic hybrid thin films could be prepared with a thickness on the order of 70 nanometers. This component-graded thin films has physical properties, which continuously change in the direction of film thickness, thus significantly stabilizing the junction of the organic substrate with the inorganic coating. In addition, continuous change of refractive index contributes high transparency of prepared coating materials.Photo reactive TiO2 coatings are causing much attention because of its potential wide applications. In order to apply TiO2 coatings for polymer, however, they cannot be coated directly on the polymer substrate because photo-excited TiO2 oxidizes polymer interface. Although SiO2 thin film derived from sol-gel technology was applied for intermediate layer, microcracks has been observed and these microcracks resulted in hazy appearance of the film. However, no change in appearance on the film utilizing SiO2/PMMA graded intermediate layer. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集　Vol. 19 (2005)　 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 19, 2005 27 2006-02-01 141 傾斜機能材料の普及促進事業について Promotion business for functionally graded materials 上村誠一 Seiichi Uemura Japanese