# Fileset [proc-15th-symp-fgm-2003-173-331.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/72f6bb86-3c0a-4df3-be42-92dba1964270/download) ## Creator National Institute for Materials Science ## Rights ## Other metadata [Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM 2003 in Sapporo) (pp.173-331)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/c8933c48-9fd9-4b07-b083-a31d2c095fc2) ## Fulltext Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 173-176 第15回傾斜機能材料国内シンポジウム(FGM2003 in 札幌) 北海道衛星プロジェクト概要 Hokkaido Satellite Project 佐鳥新/北海道工業大学　有限会社先端技術研究所 Shin SATORI / Hokkaido Institute of Technology, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan No abstract was presented. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 177-182 デンタルインプラント治療と生体材料 Dental Implant and Biomaterials 横山敦郎/北海道大学医学部・歯学部附属病院咬合系歯科 Atsuro YOKOYAMA / Hokkaido University, Medical and Dental Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Recently, dental implant therapy is preferred to the conventional therapy such as fixed bridges and removable partial dentures for the purpose of replacing missing teeth. Most of dental implants used in clinical dentistry are made of a single composition of titanium (Ti) or titanium alloy, while the surface treatment is carried out to improve biocompatibility. Dental implants contact with several tissues such as oral mucosa, submucosa, cortical bone and cancellous bone. Therefore, it is desirable that the compositions change in proportion to the contact tissue biologically and mechanically. Functionally graded materials(FGM) have the characteristic structure in which the composition continuously changes without the clear interface. Based on the concept of the FGM, we have studied implant materials made from Ti and hydroxyapatite(HA). Ti/HA functionally graded implant made by spark plasma sintering method had controllability for bone tissue reaction according to the graded structure of the material. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 183-188 微細結晶組織を持つNb-Al-Si三元系合金の製造と諸性質評価 Fabrication of Grain-refined Nb-Al-Si Ternary Alloy and Evaluation of Its Properties 谷口清之,　松浦清隆,　工藤昌行,　大笹憲一　/　北海道大学 Kiyoyuki Taniguchi, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Masayuki Kudoh, and Kenichi Ohsasa / Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan A multi-phase intermetallic Nb-Al-Si ternary alloy with NbAl3 phase and Nb5Si3 phase was produced by Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS). The SHS-ed alloy was crushed by milling, and then was sintered by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. An average crystal grain size of an SPS-ed alloy was reduced to 0.6 micrometers when thew alloy was ball miled for 36 hours and then bead milled for 10 hours. The hardness and bending strength of the SPS-ed alloy increased remarkably due to the grain refinement. The Vickers hardness of the as-SHS-ed alloy was 860. However, it increased to 1420 due to the grain refinment. The bending strength of the as-SHS-ed alloy could not be measured because the bend test could not be performed due to its fatal brittleness. However, the SPS-ed alloy with the fine grains exhibited a fracture strength of 210 MPa. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 189-194 放電プラズマ焼結したB添加NbSi2の高温酸化挙動 Oxidation behavior of B-additioned NbSi2 fabricated by spark plasma sintering 松下真也/北大院工,　黒川一哉/北大エネ先 Shinya MATSUSHITA / Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanKazuya KUROKAWA / Hokkaido University, Center for Advanced Reserch of Energy Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan NbSi2 is the promising candidate as a coating material used for Nb-based alloy. However, it shows complex oxidation behavior and accelerated oxidation based on the crystallization of SiO2 around 1073K. To improve the accelerated oxidation, B-added NbSi2 was fabricated by a spark plasma sintering method and oxidation behavior of B-NbSi2 was investigated. The addition of B to NbSi2was very effective for the improvement of the oxidation resistance. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 195-198 微細TiC粒子分散FeAl材の製造と材料評価 Fabrication of Fine TiC Particle Dispersed FeAl Alloy and Evaluation of Its Properties 引地佑輔,松浦清隆,工藤昌行/北海道大学 Yususke Hikichi, Kiyotaka Matsuura, and Masayuki Kudoh Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan When powders of iron, aluminum, titanium and carbon were mixed and heated to approximately 973K in argon atmosphere, abrupt and dramatic temperature rise to approximately 1923K took place, and the powder mixture was melted. When XRD analysis was performed after cooling, the spectral peaks corresponding to only FeAl and TiC were detected. SEM investigation indicated that fine TiC particles were dispersed in the matrix phase of FeAl. When the amounts of titanium and carbon in the powder mixture were increased, the volume fraction and diameter of the TiC particles incresed, and the hardness of the alloy also increased. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 199-204 組成傾斜したNi基超硬合金の開発と応用 Development and Application of the Composition Graded WC-Ni Cemented Carbides 鴨田秀一,中嶋快雄,田中大之,宮腰康樹,高橋英徳/北工試・材料技術部嶋村健二,佐藤健一/⑰札幌研削工業牧孝司,安藤秀夫/住友石炭鉱業(株)新素材事業部 Shuichi KAMOTA, Yoshio NAKAJIMA, Hiroyuki TANAKA, Yasuki MIYAKOSHI, Hidenori TAKAHASHI Hokkaido Industrial Research Insutitute, Division of Materials Technology,Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanKenji SHIMAMURA, Kenichi SATO Sapporo Kensaku kougyo Company, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanKouji MAKI, Hideo ANDO Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd., New Materials Division, Akabira, Hokkaido, Japan Hard metals with wear resistance and weldability were required. This research aimed at developing the functionally graded WC-Ni alloy (FGM), which was composed of high hard layer / intermediate layer / welding layer. Most suitable composition, thickness ratio and sintering conditions were investigated. According to the bending test of hard metals / carbon steel, it is concluded that Ni content in the hard metal is needed over 30mass% to get prescribed strength. It was found that the thermal stress at the high hard layer decreased with an increase in Ni content and thickness ratio of intermediate layer by the 2-dimensional thermo-elastic analysis. FGM, which was composed WC-10mass%Ni / WC-15mass%Ni / WC 30mass%Ni was developed by pulsed electric current sintering. FGM showed satisfactory structure and variation of hardness. Subsequently, the screw, which was welded with FGM parts was developed and effectiveness was proved by the practical test. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 205-208 三次元マイクロ接合によるNi基合金の自由造形研究 Study on Freeform Fabrication of Nickel Based Alloy by Three Dimensional Micro-Welding 加藤智広/阪大院桐原聡秀,宮本欽生/阪大接合研松浦清隆,工藤昌行/北大院・工 Tomohiro KATOU Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanSoshu KIRIHARA, Yoshinari MIYAMOTO Joining and Welding Research Insutitute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, JapanKiyataka MASTUURA,Masayuki KUDOH Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Three Dimensional Micro-Welding(3DMW) can form metal or intermetallic compound micro-beads from thin metal or alloy wires, which are fed under an arc torch. By using CAD/CAM, complex three dimensional objects can be fabricated automatically with minimized energy and resources. The formation of nickel beads and their pin were investigated in order to develop the system technology of 3DMW. A reaction formed pin object of Ti-Ni system was also fabricated using Ti and Ni wires. This simultaneous synthesis and free forming process can be applied to produce three dimensional FGMs. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 209-214 Al-Al3Ti傾斜機能材料の粒子配向に及ぼす粒子径および粒子体積分率の影響 Effects of Particle Size and Initial Volume Fraction on Orientation in Al-Al3Ti FGMs 江竜寛之/信州大学大学院生・工業系研究科山本哲也/信州大学大学院生・工業系研究科,現NTN株式会社・総合技術研究所渡辺義見/信州大学・繊維学部松浦清隆/北海道大学大学院・工学研究科 Hiroyuki ERYU / Shinsyu University, Graduate Student, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ueda, Nagano, JapanTetsuya YAMAMOTO / Shinsyu University, Graduate Student, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Present address; NTN Corp. Research and Development Center, Iwata, Shizuoka, JapanYoshimi WATANABE / Shinsyu University, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Ueda, Nagano, JapanKiyotaka MATSUURA / Hokkaido University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan It is known that many of the properties of the composites, including elastic modulus, strength and thermal conductivity, depend on the orientation of the reinforcements that generally show anisotropyic behaviors. Therefore, detailed knowledge of 3-D orientation distribution of the platelets in FGMs is a requirement for predicting the mechanical properties of the platelet reinforced FGMs. It has been shown that various processing parameters [for example, G number (level of the centrifugal force), particle size and mean volume fraction of particles] significantly influence the volume fraction gradient of spherical particle dispersed FGMs during fabrication by the centrifugal solid-particle method. In this study, 3-D platelet orientation within the FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal solid-particle method was studied. The effects of platelet size and mean volume fraction of platelets on graded distributions of volume fraction and orientation parameter were studied. The results of the present study are compared with the previous results. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 215-218 ナノ粒子の表面磁気異方性による磁気的高質化と計算機シミュレーションによる検証 Magnetic HArdening by Surface Magnetic Anisotropy in Nanometer Particles and Its Verification by Computer Simulation 川村暁,羽田紘一/石巻専修大・理工 Satoshi KAWAMURA, Koichi HANEDA / Ishinomaki Senshu University, School of science and engineering, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan A computer simulation has been made for the caluculation of technical magnetization curves of magnetic small particles in nanometer scale by assuming surface anisotropy acting in addition to existing magneto-crystalline anisotropy in bulk(a particle body). A calculated particle shape is for an ellipsoid, in which an equilength of each axis(x=y=z=n nm) is assumed for three different particle sizes (n=30, 40 and 50 nm). Micro-magnetic caluculations, based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, indicate an enhanced coercivity for a magnetic single domain particle with the smaller particle size and also with the stronger surface anisotropy acting there, in accord with the existing coercivity data for various materials in small particle forms. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 219-224 キャリア濃度の連続的傾斜PbTeの作製 Fabrication of Carrier Concentration Continuous Gradient PbTe 今井義雄,磯田幸宏/物材機構・エコマテC篠原嘉一/東北大・多元研 Yoshio IMAI, Yukihiro ISODA/National Institute for Materials Science, Eco-materials Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanYoshikazu SHINOHARA/Tohoku University, Institute Multidisciplinary Research, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan We fabricated PbTe with continuous carrier concentration gradient. Then we tried to optimize the carrier concentration by investigating the relation between the dopants and the carrier concentration gradient. Carrier graded PbTe was fabricated by an unidirectional solidification with doping PbI2, Al and Zr. Carrier concentration was high at solidification initiation side and became lower at termination side. The degree of a concentration gradient was found to be controllable by the holding time at a liquid state and the cooling rate from the liquid state. Al dopant exert a big effect on the concentration gradient. 0.07mol%PbI2-0.05mol%Zr-0.07mol%Al-PbTe made from a liquid phase at 1200K held for 1h and cooled at 98K/h, showed a carrier concentration gradient ranging from 2E+24 to 1.5E+25/m**3. This continuous FGM showed the effective maximum power 20% higher than that of jointed FGM. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 225-229 組成傾斜SiOx膜の放射冷却特性 Radiative Cooling Characteristics of Compositionally Graded FGM-SiOx Film 宮崎英敏,後藤孝/東北大・金研 Hidetoshi MIYAZAKI, Takashi GOTO/Institute for materials science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan SiOx thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using an SiO sintered target. The composition (x) of SiOx films was controlled from 0.98 to 1.70 by changing oxygen flow ratios at deposition. The SiOx films showed strong IR absorption in the wavelength range around 10 micrometer. An SiO0.98/SiO1.20/SiO1.70 compositionally graded film prepared by changing oxygen flow ratios showed more significant IR absorption at the wavelength from at 8 to 13 micrometer, being suitable as a radiative cooling film. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 230-235 傾斜構造フォトニック結晶による電磁派フィルターの開発 Development Electromagnetic Filters of Photonic Crystals with Graded Lattice Spacing 桐原聡秀,宮本欽生/阪大接合研武田三男/信州大・理迫田和彰/物材機構 Soshu KIRIHARA, Yoshinori MIYAMOTO/Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, JapanMitsuo TAKEDA/Shinshu University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Matsumoto, Nagano, JapanKazuaki SAKODA/National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Mikkimeter order photonic crystalscomposed of epoxy lattices containing titania-based ceramic particles with a three-dimensional diamond structure were fabricated by using a stereolithography process. The inverse diamond structures composed of the air lattices in the matrix of the epoxy-titania sistem were also fabricated, which exhibited perfect band gaps in microwave frequency range. The normal and inverse lattice structures were designed according to the band calculation using a plane wave propagation method. An electromagnetic filter was developed by designing a missing lattice layer in the graded lattice structure. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 236-241 赤外線放射加熱/流水急冷法によるMullite/Mo積層傾斜平板の耐熱衝撃特性評価 Evaluation of Thermal Shock Property of Mullite/Mo FGM Plates with Infrared Radiation/Water Flow Testing Method 金剛,竹内誠,本田沢雄,西川直宏,淡路英夫/名工大・材料工学科 Gang JIN, Makoto TAKEUCHI, Sawao HONDA, Tadahiro NISHIKAWA, Hideo AWAJI / Nagoya Institute of Technology, Department of Materials and Engineering, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan A newly developed infrared radiation heating/water flow cooling thermal shock test was carried on the multilayered mullite/Mo functionally graded material (FGM) disks, simulating in-service environments of the FGMs. Thermal stress distributions in the FGM plates under thermal shock were analyzed and the stress behavior on the ceramic surface was evaluated taking account of the influence of the residual thermal stress introduced during fabriction process. The results revealed that the highly localized thermal stress was generated on the cooling surface during thermal shock loading, the sintering-induced residual thermal stress could be controlled by adjusting the profieles of components in the FGMs, and the thermal shock resistance was greatly influenced by the residual thermal stress on the ceramic surface. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 242-247 Ti, Hf, Zr, そしてLaH3を添加したランタン三二硫化物の相変化と熱電変換特性 Phase change and thermoelectric properties of lanthanum sesquisulfide with Ti, Hf, Zr and LaH3 additives 太田道広/室工大・学振PD平井伸治,嶋影和宣/室工大・工森田成紀,西村聡之,上村揚一郎/物材機構・物質研 Michihiro OHTA/Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science, JSPS Research Fellow, Hokkaido, JapanShinji HIRAI, Kazuyoshi SHIMAKAGE/Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Muroran, Hokkaido, JapanShigenori MORITA, Toshiyuki NISHIMURA, Yoichiro UEMURA/National Institute for Materials Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan It is well known that the tetragonal phase (beta phase) in lanthanum sesquisulfide (La2S3) is acutually La10S15-xOx with 0= 25 2004-07-15 248-253 再使用型伸展ノズルのためのC/C複合材加熱評価試験 Heating Tests of C/C Composites for Reusable Extendible Nozzle 森谷信一,只野真,佐藤正喜,佐藤政裕,日下和夫,長谷川恵一,渡辺義明,熊川彰長/宇宙航空研究開発機構　宇宙推進技術共同センター Shin-ichi MORIYA, Makoto TADANO, Masaki SATO, Masahiro SATO, Kazuo KUSAKA, Keiich HASEGAWA, Yoshiaki WATANABE, and Akinaga KUMAKAWA/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Space Propulsion Research Center, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan The extendible nozzle is considered a feasible device to improve the performance of booster engines on the reusable launch vehicles. Because a extenddible exit cone and its extension apparatus are attached to the booster engine as components of the extendible nozzle system, weight saving is one of the essential subjects. It is onsidered that carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C/C) composite is the most appropriate material as the extendible exit cone because of lightweight and heat resistant properties. In this paper, combustion gas heating tests of C/C composite specimens coated with CVI-SiC were conducted by using liquid oxygen and gas hydrogen propellants as preliminary tests and points of concern for durability tests were studied. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 254-257 [技術報告]USERS/REM熱防御系ヒートシールドシステムの概要 An Outline of Heat Shield System of USERS/REM Thermal Protection System 加藤純郎,坂田隆司,菅野義就,宇都雅弘,奥山圭一,上垣栄一/KHI新宮正三/KGE伊地智幸一/USEF稲谷芳文/ISAS/JAXA Sumio KATO, Ryuji SAKATA, Yoshitsugu KANNO, Masahiro UTO, Kenichi OKUYAMA, Eiichi UEGAKI / Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Aerospace Company, Kakamigahara, Gifu, JapanShozo SHINGU/Kawaju Gifu Engineering, Co, Ltd., Kakamigahara, Gifu, JapanKoichi IJICHI/Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, Tokyo, JapanYoshifumi INATANI/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Re-entry capsule USERS/REM, which was successfully recovered in May 2003, has heat shield system to protect inner equipments against servere heating environment during re-entry. The heat shield system mainly consists of CFRP ablator, felt type insulation material and AL shell. This paper shows general outlines of design, analysis and tests of heat shield system, which were carried out during its development. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 258-263 表面pH分布測定による傾斜機能材料の耐食性評価 Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Functionally Graded Materials Using Surface pH Measurement 野田和彦,小野孝也,升田博之/物質・材料研究機構渡辺義見/信州大・繊維学部 Kazuhiko NODA, Takaya ONO, Hiroyuki MASUDA / National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPANYoshimi WATANABE / Shinsyu University, Faculty of Textile Science & Technology, Ueda, Nagano, JAPAN The corrosion behavior of magnetically graded materials made by martensitic transformation have been investigated using localized corrosion test in an atmospheric corrosion environment. Four type samples which had different distribution of deformation were fabricated from standard austenitic stainless steel, such as 304 type stainless steel. The atmospheric corrosion test was carried out using the synthetic sea water. The synthetic sea water dropped on each sample, and then after drying the surface of the sample was observed by an optical microscope. The small pits appeared on the surface of all samples, while the large pits were observed only on the surface of the martensitic tranceformation surface (deformation site) of samples. From this result, martensitic transformation caused that pitting corrosion growth was activated. The austentic surface has the higher localized corrosion resistant than the martensitic one. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 264-269 金属間化合物のマイクロパイプを内包するチタン成形体の製造 Fabrication of Shaped Titanium Articles Containing Intermetallic Micropipes 大参達也,桜井雅之,松浦清隆,工藤昌行/北大院・工 Tatsuya OHMI, Masayuki SKURAI, Kiyotaka MATSUURA, Masayuki KUDOH / Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan A novel method for fabricating shaped titanium articles with Ti-Al intermetallic micropipes is investigated experimentally. In the experiments, a titanium powder compact including shaped aluminum wire was sintered at a temperature above the melting point of aluminum. The diameter of the aluminum wire was varied from 50 to 500 micro meter. Microscopic reactive infiltration of molten aluminum into the surrounding titanium powder occurred during the sintering, and brought about the formation of micropipes, i.e. microhannels lined with intermetallic compounds, in the sintered body. When a proper sintering condition was used, the resultant intermetallic liner primarily consisted of TiAl phase. On the other hand, when the sintering time was excess, the primary phase of the liner changed from TiAl to titanium solid solution because of the progress of the diffusion of aluminum. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 270-274 マイクロチャンネルを持つ金属材料の新製法 A New Fabrication Process for Metallic Materials Including Microchannels 武山佳弘,松浦清隆,大参達也,工藤昌行/北海道大学　大学院工学研究科 Yoshihiro Takeyama, Kiyotaka Matsuura, Tatsuya Ohmi, and Masayuki Kudoh / Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8678, Japan The feasibility of a new production method of metallic materials including micro-pores has been investigated using an Al-Zn alloy as a demonstration material. When a compact of a powder mixture of Al and Zn was sintered at a temperature between the melting points of Al and Zn, the Zn powder melted and diffused into Al, and finally fine pores were formed at the Zn powder particle positions. As the sintering time increased, the density of the sintered compact decreased in accordance with the parabolic law. Two new production methods of metallic materials including micro-channels have also been investigated. First, a Zn wire was embedded in aluminum powder compact and it was sintered. Consequently, a long pore (micro-channel) was formed at the wire position. Secondly, a long hole was made in an aluminum block and Zn liquid was poured into the hole. Then, it was rolled to make a thin sheet. After heating the sheet, a micro-channel was formed at the cast Zn position. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 275-280 二重鋳込み法による複合層材作成プロセスの数値解析 Numerical Analysis of the Production Process of Composite Layer by Using Double Casting Method 大笹憲一,松浦清隆/北大院・工 Kenichi OHSASA, Kiyotaka MATSUURA / Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan A new casting method named a double casting method was investigated to produce an ingot composed of multi-layers with different compositions. The unsolidified core of a solidifying ingot was replaced with another molten alloy during solidification process. A numerical analysis of the double casting process was carried out and the condition for an obtaining good joining between composite layers was examined in relation to the compositions of the layers. The numerical analysis showed that to obtain a good joining, the interface between the composite layers should be held over 5 seconds under the such condition as fraction solid is less than 0.3. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 281-286 有機高分子光非線形LB膜の配列制御による高機能化 Molecular Orientation Control in Nonlinear Organic Films Laminated by Langmuir-Blodgett Method 内田三郎,路海寧, V.T.Chitnis, 古橋秀夫,前田昭徳,澤五郎,小嶋憲三,大橋朝夫,落合鎮康,内田悦行/愛知工業大学 Saburo UCHIDA, Hai Ning LU, Vijay T.CHITNIS, Hideo FURUHASHI, Akinori MAEDA, Goro SAWA, Kenzo KOJIMA, Asao OHASHI, Shizuyasu OCHIAI, Yoshiyuki UCHIDA / Aichi Institute of Technology, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan In the 21 century, the optical computation is likely to be the basic technology for processing lots of information at high speed. The aim of the present research work is to develop optical logic gates or memory chips. For this purpose, we have examined the suitability of organic nonlinear optical material tetra-tert-butyl-Vanadyl-Phthalocyanine(VOPc). Large crystals of this material have been fabricated by using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique. The epitaxial films were formed on the substrate at optimum operating conditions. However, the epitixial growth is observed only up to a limited thickness. Above this thickness, the films become non-epitaxial, which can be improved by keeping them in the environment of high temperature or under exposure to an organic gas. The reformation of the epitaxial films has been confirmed. In this paper, we report the effects of the environment of high temperature and organic gas on the multilayered films of the same material, formed by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. If the multilayered stack is too thick, the molecular arrangement of the film may get disturbed. We have examined the possibility of improving the structure of the LB films by keeping them under the environment of high temperature or organic gas, similar to the case of MBE films. The improvement in the molecular arrangement of the LB films was examined and confirmed by measuring it's nonlinear optical susceptibility, using Maker Fringe Method. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 284-292 導電性高分子ポリチオフェン類の熱電特性 Evaluation of the thermoelectric properties of polythiophene series 小原一樹,石井研人,篠原嘉一,中西八郎 / 東北大学多元物質科学研究所 Kazuki OHARA, Kento ISHII, Yoshikazu SHINOHARA, Hachirou NAKANISHI / Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Polythiophene, which was a typical conductive polymer, was synthesized with various alkyl group side chains. Almost completely regioregular head-to-tail(HT) poly(3-alkylthiophenes) was obtained by using Ni(DPPE)Cl2. Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (alkyl=butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl). The regioregularity with the HT linkage was larger than 99% based on NMR and UV analysis. We have evaluated the relation to molecular weight of side chains. The results were as follows:1) poly(3-alkylthiophenes) indicated the tendency that Seebeck coefficient decreased with an increasing electrical conductivity. 2) poly(3-alkylthiophenes) showed very high Seebeck coefficient at low electrical conductivity. 3) Thermoelectric figure of merit increased with a decreasing electrical conductivity. 4)poly(3-alkylthiophenes) showed the tendency that thermoelectric properties improved with a decreasing molecular weight if side chain. 5)When polythiophene was compared with polyacetylene and polyaniline, thermoelectric properties of polythiophene lied between those of polyacetylene and polyaniline. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 293-298 遠心法を用いたアルミナ傾斜エポキシ樹脂の創製とシミュレーション Fabrication of Almina-graded epoxy resin by a centrifuge and its simulation 鶴信一郎/九電・総研林則行/九大・総理工原雅則/九大・システム情報小野田智彦,坂本靖/西電・技術開発部 Shin-ichiro Tsuru / Research Laboratory, Kyushu Electric Power Co.,Inc., Fukuoka, JapanNoriyuki Hayashi / Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, JapanMasanori Hara / Faculty of ISEE, Hakozaki, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanTomohiko Onoda, Yasushi Sakamoto / Technological Development Dept., Nishi Nippon Electric Cable & Wire Co., Ltd., Oita, Japan The authors have proposed application of eepsilon-FGM in high voltage power apparatus in order to improve surface breakdown characteristics and also fabricated epsilon-FGM model spacers. It was confirmed by experiments that they were effective to improve surface breakdown charactaristics in them, however, the fabrication is still not easy and has been done by trial and error because it is affected by many factors. In this paper, a simulation model of epsilon-FGM fabrication using a centrifuge is proposed in order to find out conditions to fabricate epsilon-FGM successfully. The simulation is carried out based on the model and permittivity distributions in the specimens are estimated. The results are compared with the measured ones and they agree very well. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 299-304 蛍光体(Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3微結晶のゲル化燃焼合成法による分散性の制御 Dispersion Control of fine Crystalline (Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3 Phosphor Prepared by Gel Combustion Method 小柴大吾,武田隆史,吉川信一　/　北大院・工 Daigo KOSHIBA, Takashi TAKEDA, Shinichi KIKKAWA / Graduate School of Engineering, Hokakido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628 The red emitting phosphor (Y0.95Eu0.05)2O3 was synthesized by the gel combustion reaction in presence of sevral kinds of lithium salt flux. Combustion temperature was reduced because the sample volume was increased due to the presence of lithium salt. However, the lithium flux was effective to increase the emission intensity of phosphor because it improved the crystallinity of phosphor crystal surface. Dispersion was also improved when the combustion product obtained from LiF mixture was post annealed at 750deg.C after its grinding. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 305-310 EuおよびYb硫化物の合成とその熱電特性 Preparation of Eu and Yb Sulfides and Their Thermoelectric Properties 袁海濱/室蘭工業大学・大学院生太田道広/室蘭工業大学・学振特別研究員平井伸治,朝日秀定,嶋影和宜/室蘭工業大学・材料物性工学科 Haibin Yuan / Muroran Institute of Technology, Graduate student, Muroran, Hokkaido, JapanMichihiro Ohta / Muroran Institute of Technology, JSPS Research Fellow, Muroran, Hokkaido, JapanShinji Hirai,Hideyasu Asahi, Kazuyoshi Shimakage / Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan Europium sulfide and Ytterbium sulfide were synthesized by the sulfurization of Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 powders using CS2 gas. In the sulfurization of Eu2O3, the Eu3S4 and EuS2 were formed as intermediate products. For long sulfurization time such as 28.8 ks, the formation of single-phase EuS was confirmed by sulfurization at 1073 K. In the sulfurization of Yb2O3, Yb2O2S, YbS2 and Yb2S3 having a hexagonal structure were formed as intermediate products. For sulfurization time of 28.8 ks, single-phase Yb2S3 which has a rhombohedral structure was formed finally at temperature above 1273K. When the synthetic powder of Yb2S3 was sintered by the pressureless sintering at 1773 K, the sintered compact of YbS having a trace of Yb3S4 was formed. When the synthetic powder of EuS was sintered by the spark plasma sintering at 1773 K, the sintered compact of only EuS was formed. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 311-314 Eu付活ガリウムホウ酸塩の合成と発光特性 Synthesis and Luminescence of Eu activated Gallium Borate 武田隆史,吉川信一　/　北大院・工 Takashi Takeda, Shinichi Kikkawa / Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628 Gallo borate SrGa3B3O7 activated by Eu was synthesized, and its luminescence property was studied. Although the emission due to Eu**3+ was observed for the sample synthesized in air, the emission from Eu**2+ was not recognized. This might be due to the strong coupling of Eu excited state with conduction band. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 315-320 TG-TLP接合のPhase-fieldシミュレーション Phase-field Simulation of Temperature Gradient Transient Liquid Phase Diffusion Bonding 棗千修,大笹憲一,成田敏夫/北大院・工 Yukinobu NATSUME, Kenichi OHSASA, Toshio NARITA / Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan A numerical simulation of the temperature gradient transient liquid phase diffusion bonding (TG-TLP) was carried out by a phase-field method. The bonding time of the TG-TLP is shorter than that of conventional TLP diffusion bonding, because solidification is controlled by diffusion in liquid. In this simulation, it was found that the bonding time decreased with increasing the temperature gradient imposed in the bonding system, however, the bonding zone (segregation zone) because wide. It was found that the thickness of an insert metal and equilobrium partition coefficient also affected the bonding time. The bonding time remarkably decreased with increase in the partition coeficient of solute element in the insert metal. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 321-326 アルコキシド加水分解法によるアパタイト型酸素イオン導電体La9.33(SiO4)6O2の合成 Synthesis of Apatite-type La9.33(SiO4)6O2 Oxide Ion Conductor by Alcoxide-hydrolysis. 鱒渕友治,樋口幹雄,武田隆史,吉川信一 / 北大院・工 Yuji MASUBUCHI, Mikio HIGUCHI, Takashi KIKKAWA / Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan Both powder and film of apatite-type La9.33(SiO4)6O2 were prepared by alcoxide-hydrolysis. The apatite formation temperature was considerably lowered in this preparation method comparing to its solid state reaction. Particular orientation of the anisotropic apatite crystals was not observed on its sintered body. Its conductivity was 7.2*10**-5 Scm**-1 at 500 deg.C. Uniform microstructure extended om the surface of the film sample with 1 micrometer thickness on SEM observation. Preferred orientation of La9.33(SiO4)6O2 was observed on XRD only on the surface; its basal plane was parallel to the substrate surface. Japanese 2003年度　傾斜機能材料論文集　＜FGM2003 in Sapporo＞　 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Functionally Gradient Materials 25 2004-07-15 327-331 ゾルーゲル法により合成したLi2ZrO3のCO2吸収・放出特性 Absorption and Emission of CO2 Gas Using Li2ZrO3 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Process 吉村恵範/室工大・院太田道広/室工大・JSPS朝日秀定,平井伸治,嶋影和宜/室工大 Yoshinori YOSHIMURA / Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate Student, Muroran, Hokkaido, JapanMichihiro OHTA / Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, JSPS Fellow, Muroran, Hokkaido, JapanHideyasu ASAHI, Shinji HIRAI, Kazuyoshi SHIMAKAGE / Muroran Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan The Preparation of lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) powders were attempted by a sol-gel process. This material reacted immediately with CO2 in the range from an ambient temperature to 873K. Moreover, the products react and revert reversibly to Li2ZrO3 at temperature above 973K. The absorption and emission of CO2 gas were ascribed to the mechanism whereby lithium oxide in the Li2ZrO3 react reversibly with CO2. The degree of absorption was defined as the value obtained by dividing the fractional mass gain of Li2ZrO3 after absorption by the fractional mass gain corresponding to 100% reaction. The degree of absorption of Li2ZrO3 powder having a specific surface area of 9.8lm/g attained to 95.2% under the absorption condition at 773K for 7.2ks. Japanese