# Fileset

[biosensors-12-00256.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/666e0eea-4ad0-4775-9666-2ed009a6843e/download)

## Creator

[Kosuke Minami](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-1118)

## Rights

[Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

## Other metadata

[Nanomechanical Sensors for Gas Detection towards Artificial Olfaction](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/ddb71321-f7b2-4856-95ff-d8c306905b5a)

## Fulltext

Nanomechanical Sensors for Gas Detection towards Artificial Olfaction�����������������Citation: Minami, K.Nanomechanical Sensors for GasDetection towards ArtificialOlfaction. Biosensors 2022, 12, 256.https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040256Received: 12 April 2022Accepted: 12 April 2022Published: 18 April 2022Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralwith regard to jurisdictional claims inpublished maps and institutional affil-iations.Copyright: © 2022 by the author.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access articledistributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).biosensorsEditorialNanomechanical Sensors for Gas Detection towardsArtificial OlfactionKosuke MinamiOlfactory Sensors Group, Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), Research Center for FunctionalMaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;minami.kosuke@nims.go.jpHumans, as well as other organisms, tend to recognize their surroundings by smells/odors.Each smell/odor is usually composed of dozens to thousands of different types of moleculesout of more than 400,000 types of odorous/odorless molecules [1]. We detect such a com-plex smell/odor as a simultaneous interaction with our olfactory receptors and recognizethe small/odor by comprehensively analyzing the signals mediated by various receptorsin the brain. Persaud et al. proposed a concept of artificial olfaction using an array ofdifferent types of sensors and resultant unique signal patterns to discriminate the specificsmells/odors [2,3]. This basic concept of artificial olfaction can be divided into somecomponents corresponding to our olfactory system: receptor materials as olfactory recep-tors, sensing elements and transducers as olfactory cells, and pattern recognition analysisas neural activity of the brain. Accordingly, to realize artificial olfaction, gas sensors arethe key components in addition to data processing technologies, including artificial intel-ligence and machine learning algorithms [4,5]. As we have over 400 different species ofolfactory receptors in our noses [6], the development of artificial olfaction requires a varietyof receptor materials with wide selectivity and sensitivity.Over the last few decades, nanomechanical sensors have received significant atten-tion as a powerful tool for gas detection and hence for artificial olfaction. Their potentialapplications range from food, environmental, and healthcare monitoring to medical diag-nostics [7–9]. Nanomechanical sensors, including both dynamic and static mode operations,detect volume- and/or mass-induced mechanical changes in a sensing element [9]. Since ithas been observed that almost all solid materials exhibit mechanical deformation upon gassorption, various types of solid materials can be utilized as receptor materials, providinga wide range of chemical selectivity and sensitivity. To realize artificial olfaction, it is re-quired to integrate all related technologies in multiple fields into one system [3], includingthe fabrication of versatile receptor materials, the construction of highly sensitive nanome-chanical sensor systems, and the development of effective data processing algorithms.Therefore, not limited to the research on artificial olfaction, all related research articlesand comprehensive reviews are welcome to the current Special Issue entitled “Nanome-chanical Sensors for Gas Detection”. This Special Issue aims to integrate all knowledgein the wide-ranging fields to realize practical artificial olfaction.Funding: This study was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), MEXT,Japan (No. 22K05324) and the Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), NIMS, Japan.Acknowledgments: K.M. acknowledges Genki Yoshikawa, Olfactory Sensors Group, Center forFunctional Sensor and Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, andall members of the Olfactory Sensors Group, CFSN, NIMS, Japan.Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.Biosensors 2022, 12, 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040256 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biosensorshttps://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040256https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040256https://creativecommons.org/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biosensorshttps://www.mdpi.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-1118https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040256https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biosensorshttps://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/bios12040256?type=check_update&version=1Biosensors 2022, 12, 256 2 of 2References1. Gottfried, J.A. Function follows form: Ecological constraints on odor codes and olfactory percepts. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2009, 19,422–429. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Persaud, K.; Dodd, G. Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. Nature1982, 299, 352–355. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Gardner, J.W.; Bartlett, P.N. A brief history of electronic noses. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 1994, 18, 210–211. [CrossRef]4. Gutierrez, J.; Horrillo, M.C. Advances in artificial olfaction: Sensors and applications. Talanta 2014, 124, 95–105. [CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Kim, C.; Raja, I.S.; Lee, J.M.; Lee, J.H.; Kang, M.S.; Lee, S.H.; Oh, J.W.; Han, D.W. Recent Trends in Exhaled Breath DiagnosisUsing an Artificial Olfactory System. Biosensors 2021, 11, 337. [CrossRef] [PubMed]6. Young, J.M.; Shykind, B.M.; Lane, R.P.; Tonnes-Priddy, L.; Ross, J.A.; Walker, M.; Williams, E.M.; Trask, B.J. Odorant receptorexpressed sequence tags demonstrate olfactory expression of over 400 genes, extensive alternate splicing and unequal expressionlevels. Genome Biol. 2003, 4, R71. [CrossRef] [PubMed]7. Goeders, K.M.; Colton, J.S.; Bottomley, L.A. Microcantilevers: Sensing chemical interactions via mechanical motion. Chem. Rev.2008, 108, 522–542. [CrossRef] [PubMed]8. Das, S.; Pal, M. Review—Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review.J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 037562. [CrossRef]9. Ruz, J.J.; Malvar, O.; Gil-Santos, E.; Ramos, D.; Calleja, M.; Tamayo, J. A Review on Theory and Modelling of NanomechanicalSensors for Biological Applications. Processes 2021, 9, 164. 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