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National Institute for Materials Science

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[Volume34　Ceramic Transaction　FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS (pp.229-463)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/1497098d-854c-410d-9418-092dc059da71)

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Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 229-236 PSZ-クロムニッケル傾斜材料：粉末技術-熱特性 PSZ-CHROME NICKEL GRADED MATERIALS: POWDER TECHNOLOGY - THERMAL PROPERTIES N. Cherradi, K. Dollmeier and B. IlschnerSwiss Federal Institute of Technology MX-D, EPFL Ecublens, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland N. Cherradi, K. Dollmeier and B. IlschnerSwiss Federal Institute of Technology MX-D, EPFL Ecublens, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland  A centrifugal version of the powder metallurgical manufacturing route has been developed in order to prepare components of 25 by 15 mm surface and 2 to 4 mm thickness, with a graded through-thickness transition from partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) to a 80/20 nickel chromium alloy. A description of the process as well as a discussion of its advantages and problems are given. As such components may serve as elements of thermal barrier structures, results of thermal fatigue tests applying temperature differences between 350 and 1450 deg. C at approx. 5 sec cycle duration are reported. Thermal fatigue damage has been evaluated by means of microscopical inspection as well as by measuring the reduction in thermal conductivity. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 237-244 傾斜蒸着された炭化物と窒化物でコ－ティングされた　C/C複合材料の酸化防護の機構 THE MECHANISM OF OXIDATION PROTECTION OF C/C COMPOSITES COATED WITH GRADED-CODEPOSITED CARBIDES AND NITRIDES. W.KowbelAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 W.KowbelAuburn University, Auburn, AL 36849  Carbon-carbon composites offer unique advantages as high temperature structural materials. Practical use of these materials at elevated temperatures in air is hindered by the lack of an adequate oxidation protection system. In this work, CVD graded C-SiC, BN-Si3N4 and C-B4 C-SiC coatings were applied to 2-D C/C substrates. Thermal cycling and isothermal oxidation tests were then performed. Residual stresses were measured by an X-ray diffraction method. Microstructural characterizations were carried out using SEM, TEM, EDS and optical microscopy. The oxidation behavior of different coated composites will be discussed.    English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 245-253 傾斜機能材料の対流型加熱環境への熱応答性 THERMAL RESPONSE OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS TO A CONVECTIVE HEATING ENVIRONMENT David A. Stewart and Daniel B. LeiserNASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 David A. Stewart and Daniel B. LeiserNASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035  Functionally gradient insulations, developed for potential use as candidate thermal protection systems on advanced spacecraft, were tested in an aerothermodynamic heating environment simulating a typical ASTV aerobraking maneuver. Comparisons are discussed between these in-depth temperature data and predictions using a finite-difference code and dynamic thermal conductivity values to 1800 K. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 255-262 一様及び傾斜温度場におけるプラズマy溶射Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGMの温度安定性 THERMAL STABILITY OF PLASMA SPRAYED Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGM IN UNIFORM AND GRADIENT TEMPERATURE FIELDS 篠原嘉一、今井義雄、池野進、塩田一路、福島孟科学技術庁 金属材料技術研究所　153　東京都目黒区中目黒２丁目３－12 Yoshikazu SHINOHARA, Yoshio IMAI, Susumu IKENO, lchiro SHIOTA and Takeshi FUKUSHIMANational Research Institute for Metals, STA 3-12,2-chome,Nakameguro, Meguro-ku,Tokyo 153,JAPAN  Fundamental researches were carried out to improve thermal stability of Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGM in uniform and gradient temperature fields. Ni-Cr-Al-Y/PSZ FGMs were sprayed on SUS310S substrates by plasma twin torches method in the air. When the FGMs were heat treated in a uniform temperature field of 1473K, PSZ was sintered and cracks were formed by shrinkage. At the same time, Fe rich metal crept out through the cracks to form a jellyfish-like structure. From these results, less porosity in PSZ is essential to avoid crack. Metal in FGM should be same as its substrate for thermally stable FGM. The FGM showed a high potential as protection coatings in a gradient temperature field of 1473K-873K. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 263-270 高温ガス流試験装置の開発とFGMパネルの評価 DEVELOPMENT OF A HOT GAS FLOW TEST DEVICE AND AN EVALUATION OF FGM PANEL 若松義男, 植田修一, 齋藤俊仁 ,新野正之野村俊雄、小坂勝明、斉藤亨、清藤晋一郎航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所　981-15　宮城県角田市81-224-68-3111住友電気工業株式会社　664　兵庫県伊丹市, 81-727-72-4805;日産自動車株式会社　350　埼玉県川越市　81-492-31-1111;新日本製鐵株式会社　299-12　千葉県富津市　81-439-80-2304；三菱重工業株式会社　455　名古屋市 81-52-611-8010 Y. Wakamatsu, S. Ueda, T. Saito and M. Niino; T. Nomura; K. Kosaka; T. Saito; S. KiyotoKakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, Kakuda, Miyagi 981-15, Japan, 　81-224-68-3111;Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. Itami, Hyogo 664, Japan, 81-727-72-4805;Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Saitama 350, Japan, 81-492-31-1111;Nippon Steel Corporation, Futtsu, Chiba 299-12, Japan, 81-439-80-2304; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Nagoya 455, Japan, 81-52-611-8010  Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) have been under research and development, one target of which is their application to airframe and propulsion systems of an aerospace plane. In this study, the authors attempted to evaluate large scale FGM samples under conditions as close as possible to the actual flight condition of the aerospace plane.      A hot gas flow test device was developed for the evaluation of FGMs. It generates a gas flow with a speed of Mach 3, a total pressure of 1.5 MPa and a total temperature of 3000 K with an oxygen mole fraction of 21% to simulate the aerodynamically heated high speed airflow around the aerospace plane. The FGM coated samples were exposed to this gas flow for evaluation. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 271-278 ZrO2-Ni系傾斜機能材料の熱的及び力学的特性の評価 EVALUATION OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL OF ZrO2-Ni SYSTEM 竹村誠洋, 百歩珠子, 吉武明英, 田村学新野正之、熊川彰長日本鋼管株式会社　210　神奈川県川崎市川崎区南渡田町１－１航空宇宙技術研究所　981-15　宮城県角田市 M. Takemura, T. Hyakubu, A. Yoshitake, M. Tamura; M. Niino, A. KumakawaNKK Corporation, 1-1, Minamiwataridacho, Kawasaki, 210, Japan National Aerospace Laboratory, Kakuda, Miyagi, 981-15, Japan  A functionally gradient material (FGM) plate of ZrO2-Ni system was produced by the thin sheet lamination method, a powder metallurgy process newly developed for this material. Some thermal and mechanical properties of its elements were measured, with which the optimum compositional profile to relieve the thermal stress was designed. The durability of the FGM plate under a high heat flux condition, 3.0MW/m2, was evaluated. The heat flux was given intermittently 50 times, and the top surface temperature reached 1380K. After the test, no crack was found in the microscopic observation of the FGM plate. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 279-287 CuNi と CuZn 傾斜箔のDC- 及び　パルス-プレーティング：SEM/TEMによる評価 DC- AND PULSE-PLATING OF CuNi AND CuZn GRADIENT FOILS: EVALUATION BY SEM/TEM N. Merk, X. Ding, X. Guo. B. R. IlschnerMechanical Metallurgy Laboratory, Materials Science Department, Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne. Switzerland. N. Merk, X. Ding, X. Guo. B. R. IlschnerMechanical Metallurgy Laboratory, Materials Science Department, Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne. Switzerland.  Metallic foils with composition gradients in the binary systems CuNi and CuZn in the thickness range of 50-200 micrometers have been prepared by electrolytic deposition using either dc or pulsed current mode, with variable potential. One alloy anode or two pure metal anodes have been used, respectively. The composition gradient has been verified by microhardness and microprobe analysis. Surface topology and the influence of substrate roughness has been investigated by SEM. Cross sectional and planar views of the deposited layers have been examined by TEM; in the case of 50 nm multilayers, the interfaces have been characterised by high resolution TEM. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 289-296 再生冷却型スラストエンジン応用のためのZrO2/Ni傾斜機能材料の評価試験 EVALUATION TESTS OF ZrO2/Ni FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS FOR REGENERATIVELY COOLED THRUST ENGINE APPLICATIONS 黒田行郎*, 日下和夫*, 毛呂明夫*, 外川守人**,*航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所   981-15　宮城県角田市 ** 三菱重工業株式会社　485 愛知県小牧市東田中1200 Yukio KURODA*, Kazuo KUSAKA*, Akio MORO*, and Morito TOGAWA**,* Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory 1, Koganezawa, Kakuda, Miyagi 989-15, Japan ** Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. 1200, Higashi-Tanaka, Komaki-Shi, Aichi-Ken 485 Japan  The National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. successfully conducted combustion tests for the first time of a 1200 N thrust engine made of new materials requiring a minimum level of cooling. The engine is made of highly heat-resistant Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM), namely, zirconia (ZrO2) and nickel (Ni). The film cooling rate was reduced to zero percent of the total fuel flow rate. By developing a ZrO2/Ni FGM for a regeneratively cooled thruster, substantial gains can be achieved in the engine performance and in operational life of the thrust chamber. Durability testing of a ZrO2/Ni FGM chamber demonstrated the basic chamber materials to be of sufficient strength under the test conditions. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 297-304 Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2積層組成の微細構造的および力学的挙動 MICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2 LAYERED COMPOSITES A.J. S㌻chez-Herencia, R. Moreno, J.S. Moya,A.P. TomsiaT.TanimotoInstituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio, CSIC, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain;Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;湘南工科大学　251　神奈川県藤沢市 A.J. S㌻chez-Herencia, R. Moreno, J.S. Moya; A.P. Tomsia; T.TanimotoInstituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio, CSIC, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain;Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;Shonan Institute of Technology, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.  INTRODUCTION      Recently (1, 2) it has been pointed out that laminated composites provide an unique opportunity for tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of structural ceramics. The aim of the present investigation was to explore the mechanical behavior of Al2O3/Al2O3 (4vol. % ZrO2) (A/AZ) multilayer composites obtained by slip casting. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 305-312 FGMにおけるステップまたはパルス型加熱にたいする過渡的温度応答 TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE RESPONSE IN FGM FOR STEP- OR PULSEWISE HEATING 荒木信幸、牧野敦、石黒達男静岡大学　エネルギー機械工学科　432　浜松市 N. Araki, A. Makino, and T. IshiguroDepartment of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432, JAPAN  Temperature response in functionally gradient materials (FGM), subjected to step- or pulsewise heating at the front surface, is evaluated. Applicability of the approximate solution for the temperature response is investigated by comparing it with an exact analytical solution for the FGM in which thermophysical properties have certain profiles. When the FGM is composed of conventional solid materials, appropriateness of the approximate solution for the FGM is demonstrated as far as the temperature response near the rear surface is concerned. Because of its simplicity and fair degree of agreement, the approximate solution is anticipated to be used not only for qualitative but also for quantitative prediction of the temperature response near the rear surface of the FGM in engineering applications. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 315-322 宇宙往還機の燃焼室用炭素/炭素複合材料 CARBON/CARBON COMPOSITES FOR COMBUSTORS OF SPACE PLANES 末光毅, 松崎祐司, 藤岡順三 and 内田正博早田喜穂, 久手幸徳 and 上村誠一 黒田行郎、植田修一 毛呂明夫川崎重工業株式会社　明石技術研究所　673　明石市川崎町日本石油株式会社　中央技術研究所　231　横浜市航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所　981-15　角田市 T. Suemitsu, Y. Matsuzaki, J. Fujioka and M. Uchida; Y. Sohda, Y. Kude and S. Uemura; Y.Kuroda, S.Ueda and A.MoroAkashi Technical Institute, Kawasaki Heavy Ind., Ltd., Kawasaki-cho, Akashi, 673 Japan Central Technical Research Laboratory, Nippon Oil Company, Lid., Yokohama, 231 Japan Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, Kakuda, 981- 15 Japan.  Further improvement of the oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites is required if they are to be used in the engines and airframes of space planes, where material temperatures are expected to reach the vicinity of 2000K. We are developing SiC-coated C/C composites with improved oxidation resistance by reducing the mismatch and increasing the bonding strength between the coating layer and the base material. Two kinds of materials have been developed: one is a C/C composite coated with SiC/C functionally gradient materials by the CVD technique and the other is a modified matrix C/C composite coated with CVD-SiC. 30 mm-diameter specimens of model combustors made with these new materials and conventional C/C composite coated with CVD-SiC were fabricated and their properties were evaluated in the combustion environment of a liquid-propellant rocket engine. Both new materials had better resistance to oxidation and thermal fatigue than did the conventional C/C composite. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 323-330 TiAl基盤の遮熱FGMの解析型製造法？と超音速高温ガス流におけるその性能 ANALYSIS-ASSISTED FABRICATION OF TiAl-BASED THERMAL BARRIER FGM AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN A SUPERSONIC HOT GAS FLOW 松崎祐司, 川村昌志, 藤岡順三, 南方俊一宮本欽生 植田修一, 若松義男, 新野正之川崎重工業株式会社　明石技術研究所　673　明石市大阪大学　産業科学研究所　567　茨木市美穂が丘8－1　航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所　981-15　角田市君萱 Y. Matsuzaki, M. Kawamura, J. Fujioka, S. Minakata; Y. Miyamoto; S. Ueda, Y. Wakamatsu, M. NiinoAkashi Technical Institute, Kawasaki Heavy Ind., Ltd., Akashi, 673 Japan.ISIR, Osaka Univ., 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, 567 JapanKakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, kimigaya, Kakuda, 98 1-15 Japan  Designing a light-weight primary structure with a heat insulation system is a key issue to reduce the liquid hydrogen coolant (LH2) requirement, permitting an increased payload of hypersonic transports and aerospace planes with active cooling systems. This paper describes the analytical design and fabrication of an intermetallic-based thermal barrier of a Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) with a cooling structure. First, the heat insulation property of a stabilized zirconia / gamma - titanium aluminide FGM was examined analytically. The thickness and compositional distribution of the FGM was optimized numerically so as to keep the heat transfer to the coolant within the heat-resistant temperature ranges of the constituent materials. Based on the results of this analysis, a 100 x 100mm FGM with a gamma - titanium aluminide cooling structure was fabricated and subjected to supersonic hot gas flow testing. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 331-338 複合体電鋳によるFGMS生成技術 A TECHNOLOGY TO FORM FGMS BY COMPOSITE ELECTROFORMING 松村宗順Masuo OkadaItsuji Yoshikawa外川守人黒田行郎上村工業株式会社　大阪府Sumix Co.　大阪府　大阪セメント　大阪府　三菱重工業株式会社　愛知県航空宇宙技術研究所　宮城県 Sowjun Matsumura; Masuo Okada; Itsuji Yoshikawa; Morito Togawa; Yukio KurodaC.Uyemura & CO.,LTD., Osaka, Japan Sumix Co., Osaka, Japan Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Aichi, Japan National Aerospace Laboratory, Miyagi, Japan  Report is carried out on the special technology which, in the formation of electroformed layers by electroplating technique of composite plating process, disperses and simultaneously deposits stabilized zirconia particles in its film, and forms metallic nickel on one surface, and the functionally gradient material, in which more zirconia particles are deposited toward the other surface, its shape of the film, and further, the physical properties such as heat resistance that the formed functionally gradient material possesses. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 341-357 セラミックス接合のための非定常的FGM中間層ベースのアプローチ A TRANSIENT FGM INTERLAYER BASED APPROACH TO JOINING CERAMICS A. M. Glaeser, M. L. Shalz, B. J. Dalgleish and A. P. TomsiaCenter for Advanced Materials, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 A. M. Glaeser, M. L. Shalz, B. J. Dalgleish and A. P. TomsiaCenter for Advanced Materials, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering University of California, Berkeley, California 94720  In most cases, functionally gradient materials have been designed to produce a desirable property gradient in a material or in a joint region. In this paper, the concept of a transient gradient structure is introduced. The function of the intentional property discontinuities in these multilayer interlayers is to facilitate processing of assemblies and materials combinations that would be difficult to process using conventional bonding approaches. Specifically, the methods make use of a thin or partial layer of a low melting point transient liquid phase to facilitate bonding via brazing, yet produce refractory joints. Several mechanisms for consuming the transient liquid former are outlined, and examples of interlayer designs that exploit these mechanisms are presented. Specific results from experiments joining alumina to alumina via Cu/Pt/Cu, Cu/Ni/Cu, Cu/Nb/Cu and Sn/Nb/Sn interlayers are presented. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 361-368 ガス加圧燃焼焼結によるCr3C2/Ni傾斜機能材料の製造法 FABRICATION OF Cr3C2/Ni FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS BY GAS-PRESSURE COMBUSTION SINTERING 谷畑公昭, 宮本欽生, Ken-ichi Matsushita, Xiafeng Ma*, 川崎亮 **, 渡辺龍三** ,平野一美***大阪大学　産業科学研究所　567　茨木市* Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China **東北大学　工学部　980　仙台市***機械技術研究所　305　つくば市並木 Kimiaki Tanihata, Yoshinari Miyamoto, Ken-ichi Matsushita, Xiafeng Ma*, Akira Kawasaki **, Ryuzo Watanabe** and Kazumi Hirano***The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567, Japan * Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China ** Department of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan, *** Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Namiki, Tsukuba 305, Japan  Dense Cr3C2/Ni FGMs were fabricated by the gas-pressure combustion sintering. Non-graded Cr3C2 and composites with various Ni compositions were prepared prior to fabricate the FGMs, and their sinterability, mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated for design of graded structure. The FGMs with two different graded structures subjected to the burner heating test exhibited the heat resistances for surface temperature up to 1173 K and temperature drop through FGM to 750 K. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 369-376 SiC/TiC FGMコーティングされたステンレス鋼のBr2-O2-Ar大気中の耐腐食性 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF AN SiC/TiC FGM-COATED STAINLESS STEEL IN A Br2-O2-Ar ATMOSPHERE 佐々木眞*, Tatsuhiko Hiratani and 平井敏雄東北大学　金属材料研究所　980　仙台市青葉区片平2-1-1 Makoto Sasaki*, Tatsuhiko Hiratani and Toshio HiraiInstitute for Materials Research, Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980, Japan  Coatings of SiC/TiC compositional graded film (FGM) on stainless steel (SUS304) plates have been investigated as a candidate material for "UT-3" which is an effective process of hydrogen production through thermochemical decomposition of water. A CVD method for preparation of SiC-TiC composite films has been examined using CH3SiCl3 (MTS)-TiCl4 -CH4 -H2 as components. Changing the source gas concentration leads to composition control in TiC-SiC composite films. Cracks in the films could not be avoided in either the TiC-coated SUS304 nor the SiC-TiC doublelayer-coated SUS304. However the SiC/TiC FGM-coated SUS304 had no cracks. Corrosion of the TiC and SiC-20mol %TiC double-layer-coated SUS304 in the Br2-O2-Ar atmosphere was mainly caused by oxidation of the TiC film and SUS304. The SiC/TiC FGM-coated SUS304 showed superior corrosion resistance in isothermal and cyclic heating conditions. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 377-384 ホットウォール管状反応装置？内での炭素上へのTiCl4, BCl3およびメチルクロロシランの共蒸着の研究 A STUDY OF THE CODEPOSITION OF TiCl4, BCl3 AND METHYLCHLOROSILANES ON CARBON IN A HOTWALL TUBULAR REACTOR D.E. Cagliostro and S. R. Riccitiello J.B. Pallix B. KaykhaNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 Eloret Institute, 1178 Marischino Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94087 San Jose State University, San Jose, CA D.E. Cagliostro and S. R. Riccitiello; J.B. Pallix; B. KaykhaNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 Eloret Institute, 1178 Marischino Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94087 San Jose State University, San Jose, CA  Development of CVD/CVI processes for the deposition of graded and dispersed phases of TiB2 and SiC is currently under investigation in our laboratory. For these deposits it is essential to determine the chemical microscopic structure in order to characterize a successful reactor operating procedure, product, or the product's mechanical and oxidation properties. A study was made to determine which reactor conditions could be used for deposition and which chemical analytical techniques are most appropriate to characterize film processing. A brief comparison between established analytical methods is made and the preliminary experimental results of the study are presented. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 385-392 プラズマ溶射傾斜機能材料の微細構造 Microstructures of Plasma Sprayed Functionally Gradient Materials 浜谷秀樹、下田信之、一山靖友、北口三郎、斉藤亨新日本製鐵株式会社　鉄鋼研究所　299-12　千葉県富津市新富20-1 H.Hamatani , N.Shimoda, Y.Ichiyama, S.Kitaguchi, T.SaitoSteel Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba 299-12 JAPAN  Studies were carried out on microstructures of a NiCr monotonous coating, a Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) monotonous coating and a FGM (Functionally Gradient Material) consisting of NiCr and YSZ made by plasma spraying. In the former two cases, the microstructure of sprayed NiCr and YSZ particles was of a columnar type. The grain growth in the direction was perpendicular to the surface of the coating. On the other hand, in the latter case, the microstructure of NiCr was of an equiaxed type. In this case, the deposited and solidified NiCr particles were considered to be remelted again by the molten YSZ particles. They impinged on the NiCr particles and solidified at a relatively slow rate. Investigation of the interface between the Cu substrate and the coating, and also between particles was carried out on an atomic scale. The results showed that the interface was formed by either a thin oxide amorpous composite layer or a coherently connected crystal plane boundary. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 393-400 還元された塩化物粒子？の含浸機構を用いた傾斜複合材料の形成 FORMATION OF GRADIENT COMPOSITES BY USING THE INFILTRA-TION MECHANISM OF CHLORIDE REDUCED PARTICLES 森英利、中村正秋、外山茂樹名古屋大学　化学工学科　464　名古屋市千種区不老町 HIDETOSHI MORI, MASAAKI NAKAMURA and SHIGEKI TOYAMADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, JAPAN  Fabrication process of metal-ceramic gradient composite was studied to provide a fundamental idea for manufacturing FGM, in which process chloride reduced metallic particles were infiltrated within a ceramic packing. The experiment using nickel chloride and alumina packing proved that the gradient was easily controlled by changing the flow rate of purge gas and the structure of the packing. The infiltration process was successively simulated with a theory of mechanical separation which allowed the design of the optimal gradients. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 403-410 傾斜機能材料のプレートにおける非定常的熱応力 TRANSIENT THERMAL STRESSES IN A PLATE OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL 小畑良洋野田直剛通商産業省　工業技術院　名古屋工業技術研究所　462　愛知県名古屋市北区平手町1静岡大学 機械工学科　432　静岡県浜松市城北3丁目 Yoshihiro OBATA; Naotake NODAGovernment Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya, AIST, MITI 1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 462, JAPANDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University 3 chome, Jyohoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432, JAPAN  Transient thermal stresses in a functionally gradient material (FGM) plate are discussed. A new analytical method is proposed for a one-dimensional transient heat conduction problem in arbitrary heterogeneous materials. The accuracy of this method is discussed. The influence of the thermal boundary conditions on the transient thermal stresses is also shown. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 411-416 TiB2- Al FGMにおけるTiB2, TiAl3および Al相間でのマッチング特性の研究 STUDY ON THE MATCHING PROPERTIES AMONG TiB2, TiAl3 AND Al PHASES IN TiB2- Al FGM Zheng Yi Fu, Xin Ming Min and Run Zhang YuanAdvanced Materials Research Institute, Wuhan University Of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China Zheng Yi Fu, Xin Ming Min and Run Zhang YuanAdvanced Materials Research Institute, Wuhan University Of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China  The matching properties among TiB2, TiAl3 and Al phases in TiB2 -Al FGM was studied by the analysis of the chemical bond and the wetting properties. The chemical bond of every phase was calculated by Self -Consistent - Field Discrete Variational Xa (SCF - Xa - DV) method. A new sessile drop method was used to study the wetting properties among the three phases. It is concluded that the binding between TiB2 and Al phase can be improved by adding TiAl3. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 417-424 傾斜機能熱障壁コーティング：設計 FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS: DESIGN M. I. Mendelson, T. N. McKechnieRocketdyne Division/Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA 91303 M. I. Mendelson, T. N. McKechnieRocketdyne Division/Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA 91303  Functionally gradient thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were developed for a first-stage vane in a gas turbine engine. Thin (0.625 mm) TBCs were designed. Five NiCrAlY/ZrO2-8%Y2O3 gradient interlayer designs were analyzed: step composition layer, narrow linear, wide linear, parabolic, and exponential gradients. The temperature and stress distributions across the coatings were predicted from finite element analysis using the engine conditions, coating designs, and material properties. The parabolic and exponential gradient interlayer designs had both the lowest combined stress and stress gradient across the TBC. The TBCs were vacuum plasma sprayed, and their microstructures were evaluated. Additional evaluation is underway. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 425-432 傾斜機能材料の熱応力および応力拡大係数の解析 ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 渕山隆野田直剛, 辻知章小畑良洋スズキ株式会社　432　静岡県浜松市高塚町300静岡大学　機械工学科　432　浜松市城北3-5-1  名古屋工業技術研究所　462　愛知県名古屋市北区平手町1 Takashi FUCHIYAMA; Naotake NODA, Tomoaki TSUJI; Yoshihiro OBATAEngineering Analysis Division, Suzuki Motor Corporation 300 Takatsuka, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 　　432, JAPAN Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432, Japan Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya 1 Hirata-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 462, JAPAN  In this paper, we examine the nature of cracks in functionally gradient materials (FGMs) subjected to heating and cooling. The transient thermal stress and the stress intensity factors are calculated by means of a finite element method (FEM).      First, transient thermal stress in a circular plate of FGMs is calculated to show the relationship between thermal stress and crack initiation. The upper ZrO2 surface is heated at 1300K until a steady state is established and then cooled at 300K. The lower Titan surface is kept at 300K. It is shown that vertical cracks occur on the upper surface while cooling, and their depth is short. The influence of heating conditions and temperature dependence of material properties are also shown.      Second, a plate of FGMs with a surface crack that is induced by thermal tensile stress is considered. The crack opening and stress intensity factors are calculated and crack growth in FGMs is discussed. The possibility to stop cracks in FGMs at short lengths is shown. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 433-440 高温熱束環境におけるZrO2-金属 FGMの弾塑性解析 ELASTO-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF ZrO2-METAL FGM IN HIGH HEAT FLUX ENVIRONMENT 丸山忠司*, 原田誠*, 鵜飼重治*, 野村茂雄*, 鹿食栄*, 熊川彰長***   動力炉核燃料開発事業団　大洗工学センター　311－13　茨城県大洗町　** 科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所　角田支所　981-15　宮城県角田市 T. Maruyama*, M. Harada*, S. Ukai*, S. Nomura*, S. Shikakura* and A. Kumakawa***   Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation, O-arai Engineering Center, 　　O-arai, Ibaraki, 311 - 13 Japan ** National Aerospace Laboratory, Kakuda Research Center, Kakuda, Miyagi 981 - 15 Japan  An elasto-plastic analysis was made for a three dimensional FGM structural component placed in a high heat flux environment. The analysis was made using a finite element method "FINAS" developed by PNC. It was found that stresses generated in a PSZ/stainless steel FGM plate were largely influenced by the materials composition and its distribution in the FGM. High heat flux tests by Xe arc lamp with liquid nitrogen as a coolant were made with the PSZ/metal FGM systems. The temperature-time curve and residual stresses were calculated and compared with experimental results. The analysis was also made to compare thermal stresses in PSZ/stainless steel FGM with those in non-FGM. The ability of FGM to reduce thermal stresses was quantitatively discussed. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 441-447 単環および二環の遮蔽リガンドを持つ揮発性のハフニウム前駆体の新系統 NEW FAMILY OF VOLATILE HAFNIUM PRECURSORS WITH MONO- AND BICYCLIC SHIELDING LIGANDS Andr・V. Grafov, Eugene A. Mazurenko Pierino Zanella, Giovanni A. BattistonIAndr・V. Grafov, Eugene A. Mazurenko Institute of General Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Prosp. Palladina 32/34, Kiev-142, Ukraine. Pierino Zanella, Giovanni A. Battiston Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technologies and of Advanced Materials National Research Council, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35020 Padua, Italy. Andr・V. Grafov, Eugene A. Mazurenko 1); Pierino Zanella, Giovanni A. Battiston    2)1)Institute of General Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Prosp. Palladina 32/34, Kiev-142, Ukraine. 2)Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technologies and of Advanced Materials National Research Council, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35020 Padua, Italy.  In recent years a rapid development of vacuum electronics and aerospace industry call forth a raising interest in materials that are able to conserve their main properties at extreme conditions such as thermal load coupled with aggressive and/or oxidative media. C-C composites used as a structural material for space-planes and space-shuttles possess high thermal stability but they are absolutely unfit in oxidative media particularly over 643deg.K. Nowadays the most widespread protection for the materials in question is the use of multilayer functionally gradient coatings, based on silicon. Their upper layer SiO2 is stable up to 1773 - 2123deg.K, while modern aerospace techniques require the materials to be resistant beyond 2273deg.K. At the present time only the hafnium carbides, oxycarbides or oxides are known among such materials. Moreover HfC, and particularly its mixed carbide with tantalum Hf0.2-0.3Ta0.7-0.8C is the best material for electronic microscope cathodes. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 449-456 セラミックス/金属傾斜機能材料への三相微小機構理論の応用 APPLICATION OF THREE - PHASE MICRO -MECHANICAL THEORIES TO CERAMIC / METAL FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Peng-Chen Zhai, Cang-Ru Jiang and Qing-Jie ZhangDept. of Eng. Mech., Wuhan Univ. of Tech. , Wuhan 430070, China Peng-Chen Zhai, Cang-Ru Jiang and Qing-Jie ZhangDept. of Eng. Mech., Wuhan Univ. of Tech. , Wuhan 430070, China  A principle for designing the functionally gradient materials (FGM) is proposed in the present study. The principle is used in estimating the effective material properties in FGM interlayers. On comparing the microstructures of several typical FGM systems (such as MgO/Ni, PSZ/SUS, TiC/Ni8Al etc), and three micromechanical theories e. g. the three-phase dilute approximation, the self-consistent scheme and the generalized self-consistent scheme, and on comparasion between the theoretical results and experimental data, it is suggested that while the dilute micromechanical model holds good only in the case of dispersive and low porosity FGM structures, the generalized self-consistent theory is exactly to all kinds of microstuctures. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 457-463 熱応力緩和を伴うPSZ-Mo傾斜機能材料の設計と構造制御 DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF PSZ-Mo FUNC-TIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS WITH THERAL STRESS RELAXATION X. F. Tang, L. M. Zhang, Q. J. Zhang and R. Z. YuanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositization Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China X. F. Tang, L. M. Zhang, Q. J. Zhang and R. Z. YuanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositization Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China  In this paper, a PSZ-Mo functionally gradient Material (FGM) with thermal stress relaxtion is optimally designed. In terms of the finite-element method, we analyse the thermal stress distribution in a layered material with two layers of PSZ-Mo (i. e. non FGM, in brief NFGM) and in a PSZ-Mo FGM during their fabrication process. We obtain the relationships between the thermal stress and the compositional distribution exponent P for a PSZ- Mo FGM. From the optimal value of P for PSZ-Mo FGM under study is obtained. The fabrication process of PSZ-Mo is also investigated, and these relationships specimens of PSZ-Mo FGM 24mm in diameter and 5. 6mm thick 30mm in diameter and 5.0mm thick, are fabricated via a powder metallurgical method. English