# Fileset

[ceram-trans-fgm-3-228.xlsx](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/61e6d35b-49e1-43a9-ac01-1ed340491568/download)

## Creator

National Institute for Materials Science

## Rights



## Other metadata

[Volume34　Ceramic Transactions　FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS (pp.3-228)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/aa0af780-7812-4333-96bf-674869d8b9ff)

## Fulltext

Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 3-10 FGMの概念 THE CONCEPT OF FGM 小泉光恵龍谷大学　大津市 M. KoizumiRyukoku University, Otsu, Japan  The concept of functionally gradient materials (FGMs) was proposed in 1984 by material scientists in the Sendai area as a means of preparing thermal barrier materials. Continuous changes in their composition, microstructure, porosity and so on result in gradients in the properties of FGMs such as mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. In the fiscal year 1887, a national project entitled "Research on the Basic Technology for the Development of Functionally Gradient Materials for Relaxation of Thermal-Stress" was started. In the fiscal year of 1992 when the project was finished, samples of 300-mm square shell and 50-mm diameter semispherical bowls for nose-cone of SiC-C FGM were prepared. The feasibility study on the R & D of FGMs as function-conversion materials started in April 1992. If good results are obtained from this study after one year, a second national project for the R & D of FGMs will start in April 1993. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 11-20 傾斜機能材料とナノ-複合材料 FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS AND NANO-COMPOSITES 平井敏雄東北大学　金属材料研究所　980　仙台市青葉区片平2-1-1 Toshio HiraiInstitute for Materials Research Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980, Japan  The concept and methods to prepare functionally gradient materials (FGMs) are described. The idea of nano-composites is introduced in relation to FGMs. As an example of FGM, a SiC/C FGM film prepared by chemical vapor deposition is reviewed from the standpoint of nano-composites. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 23-30 傾斜機能熱電材料の効率改善に関する数値解析 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 平野徹、L.W.Whitlow、宮島雅史ダイキン工業株式会社　MEC研究所　305　茨城県つくば市御幸が丘3番地 T. Hirano, L. W. Whitlow, M. MiyajimaMEC Laboratory, Daikin Industries 3 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Japan 305  A functionally gradient approach to material design is proposed as a way of enhancing thermoelectric (TE) device performance over large spans in temperature. This FGM-based device would be an improvement over conventional segmented-arm designs, resulting in improved energy conversion efficiencies. We present a numerical analysis of our proposed FGM TE device, in terms of a model consisting of "continuously" segmented arms, i.e. arms with a functionally gradient carrier concentration, material composition, and/or material microstructure. The energy conversion efficiency is calculated and compared with identical results for single material and simply-segmented devices, spanning temperatures from 300K to 1300K. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 31-38 傾斜機能界面における異種材料結合の剥離の破壊力学 FRACTURE MECHANICS OF DEBONDING IN DISSIMILAR MATERIALS BONDED THROUGH A FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT INTERFACIAL ZONE Fazil Erdogan and Murat OzturkDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University - Packard Lab 19 Memorial Drive West Bethlehem, PA 18015 Fazil Erdogan and Murat OzturkDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University - Packard Lab 19 Memorial Drive West Bethlehem, PA 18015  In this paper the general debonding problem in homogeneous dissimilar materials bonded through an interfacial region with graded thermomechanical properties is considered. After a brief description of the technique used to solve the problem, sample results obtained for axisymmetric and antiplane shear loading conditions and crack geometries are presented and discussed. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 39-46 破壊靭性試験のためのFGM試験片の解析 ANALYSIS OF FGM SPECIMENS FOR FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING F. Erdogan and B.H. WuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University - Packard Lab 19 Memorial Drive West Bethlehem, PA 18015 F. Erdogan and B.H. WuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University - Packard Lab 19 Memorial Drive West Bethlehem, PA 18015  In this paper the surface and subsurface crack problems for an FGM "plate" or a "beam" are considered. The thermomechanical properties of the medium are assumed to vary in thickness direction only and the crack is assumed to be perpendicular to the surface. Special emphasis is placed on the calculation of the stress intensity factors in edge-cracked specimens under fixed-grip constant strain loading, membrane loading and bending. Thus, the results given may be used for fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth characterization of functionally gradient materials. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 47-54 金属-セラミックス混合における亀裂のための熱応力拡大係数の最小化 MINIMIZATION OF THERMAL STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR FOR A CRACK IN A METAL-CERAMIC MIXTURE Zhi-He Jin and 野田直剛静岡大学　機械工学科　432　静岡県浜松市城北3-5-1 Zhi-He Jin and Naotake NodaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu 432, Japan  - A crack at the interface between metal-ceramic mixtures mathematically modeled by nonhomogeneous solids subjected to steady heat flux over the boundaries is investigated. The crack faces are assumed to be completely insulated. It is assumed that all material properties depend only on the coordinate y (perpendicular to the crack faces) in such a way that the properties are some exponential functions of y. By using the Fourier transform, the thermal and mechanical problems are reduced to two systems of singular integral equations, respectively, which are solved numerically. The results show that by selecting the material constants appropriately, the stress intensity factor can be lowered substantially and a minimum stress intensity factor can be obtained in the material constants range considered in this paper. Some suggestions on fabrication of functionally gradient materials are made. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 55-65 Ni-Al2O3傾斜材料における残留応力の数値モデル NUMERICAL MODELING OF RESIDUAL STRESS IN Ni-Al2O3 GRADIENT MATERIALS R. L. Williamson and B. H. RabinIdaho National Engineering Laboratory P.O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2218 USA R. L. Williamson and B. H. RabinIdaho National Engineering Laboratory P.O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2218 USA  An elastic-plastic finite element model has been used to predict residual stresses in graded Ni-Al2O3 speciemns during simulated cooling from an assumed fabrication temperature. Calculations were performed for two axisymmetric specimen geometries. Properties of the mixed phase interlayers were approximated using a rule-of-mixtures approach. The effects of graded interlayer thickness and composition profile on stress distributions were studied. The feasibility of controlling thermal residual stress was evaluated by comparing stresses with those predicted for non-graded interfaces. It is demonstrated that, in some cases, optimization of the graded interlayer microstructure is required to achieve reductions in critical stress components. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 67-74 サイクリックな熱負荷に対するFGMプレートにおける熱応力の弾塑性解析 AN ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESSES IN A FGM PLATE UNDER CYCLIC THERMAL LOAD 寺木潤一、平野徹、若島健司a ダイキン工業株式会社　MEC研究所　305　茨城県つくば市御幸が丘3番地 b 東京工業大学　227　横浜市 J.Teraki, T.Hirano, K.WakashimaMEC Laboratory, Daikin Industries Tsukuba, Japan, 305 Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan, 227  An elastic-plastic analysis of transient thermal stresses in a ceramic-metal Functionally-Gradient Material (FGM) plate is presented. A closed-form expression for the elastoplastic compliance is derived by a micromechanical approach under the assumption that "local" microstructures are characterized by random dispersions of spherical ceramic (metal) particles in a metal (ceramic) matrix at quasi-continuously varying volume fractions. As an example, we compute the transient thermal stresses in a zirconia/stainless steel FGM plate under a cyclic thermal load for both elastic and elastoplastic cases. Then we evaluate the microstress distributions in the ceramic and metal phases. We also observe a possible thermal ratcheting effect. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 75-82 金属／セラミックス傾斜機能材料の物理学 THE PHYSICS OF METAL/CERAMIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MA-TERIALS Ce-Wen Nan, Run-Zhang Yuan , and Lian-Meng ZhangThe National Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430070, China Ce-Wen Nan, Run-Zhang Yuan , and Lian-Meng ZhangThe National Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430070, China  This paper is concerned with the physical description of microstructures and properties of metal/ceramic functionally gradient materials (M/ C FGM). From the microstructural point of view, there occurs a transition from a dispersive microstructure near the metal and ceramic sides to a network in the intermediate composition range, which is a typical continuous percolation transition. It has been shown that the clusters of the metal and ceramic particles have statistical self -similarity over the intermediate scale range. An exact theory for describing the uncoupling thermal - mechanical properties of FGM has been developed in the framework of Green's function theory and perturbation method. Two approximate solutions to this exact theory and their applications have been discussed. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 83-90 化学蒸着法のモデル化：拡散かつ傾斜的蒸着 MODELING OF CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION: DISPERSED AND GRADED DEPOSITION G. Y. Chung, B. J. McCoy, and J. M. SmithDomenick E. CagliostroDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis, CA 95616NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 95035-1000 G. Y. Chung, B. J. McCoy, J. M. Smith, Domenick E. CagliostroDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis, CA 95616NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 95035-1000  A structured-geometry model for dispersed and graded deposits was developed for chemical vapor deposition. An earlier model was modified to allow for two reactants in the feed. The model predicts different concentration profiles and deposition amounts of the two reactants with different diffusion coefficients, reaction rate constants, and feed concentrations. The reactants can be fed simultaneously for the study of the dispersed deposition, and periodically for the study of the graded deposition. Due to the variation of relative contents of reactants in the feed, the model shows how the composition of the deposit varies. Porosities and changes of dimensions with time due to deposition of two components were also predicted with the model. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 91-98 金属／セラミクス傾斜機能材料の弾塑性挙動 THE ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF METAL /CERAMIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Ce-Wen Nan, Run-Zhang Yuan, and Qing-Jin ZhangThe National Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubci 430070, China Ce-Wen Nan, Run-Zhang Yuan, and Qing-Jin ZhangThe National Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials Compositing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubci 430070, China  A general theoretical framework for the description of the overall elastoplastic properties of metal/ceramic functionally gradient materials (M/C FGM) is developed in terms of Green's function theory and its perturbation method. This theoretical framework is versatile enough to provide results under any proportionally increasing combined stress. Two solutions to this theory, namely Average t-Matrix and Coherent-Potential Approximations, are discussed. The theoretical predictions also compare reasonably with the experimental results. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 99-105 表面の急激な高加熱のもとでの傾斜機能材料の連結熱弾性モデル A COUPLED THERMOELASTICITY MODEL OF FUNC-TIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS UNDER SUDDEN HIGH SURFACE HEATING Qing-Jie Zhang, Lian-Meng Zhang and Run-Zhang YuanState Key Lab. of Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China Qing-Jie Zhang, Lian-Meng Zhang and Run-Zhang YuanState Key Lab. of Synthesis and Processing of Advanced Materials, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China  An isotropic ceramic/metal laminated beam model subjected to abrupt heating is presented to demonstrate the influence of thermomechanical coupling on the thermal shock response of ceramic/metal functionally gradient materials. Three kinds of heat conduction equations are used in the model analysis: the uncoupled heat conduction equation in which the temperature field is separated with the displacement field, and the coupled equation in which the two fields are related to each other. The temperature response with respect to the two theories is calculated; the results indicate that the two theories give nearly the same response for the case of isotropic metal and ceramic beams whereas they predict the different temperature response and distributions in the isotropic laminated beam case. Therefore, the present study suggests that the reasonablenss of neglecting thermomechanical coupling effects in thermal shock problems of ceramic/metal functionally gradient materials needs to be examined, and more attention needs to be given in cases of the nonuniform thermal exposure and sudden high-intensity surface heating, such as in the thermal shock e-valuation process and some practical application environments. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 109-116 自己伝播高温度合成により製造されたSIC-TIB2-CU傾斜機能材料の表層としてのSIC-TIB2複合材料の特性 CHARACTERISTICS OF SIC-TIB 2 COMPOSITES AS THE SURFACE LAYER OF SIC-TIB 2-CU FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL PRODUCED BY SELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS 佐多延博東北工業技術試験所　宮城県仙台市宮城野区苦竹４丁目２番１号 Nobuhiro SataGovernment Industrial Research Institute, Tohoku 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-Ku, Sendai, 983 Japan.  Process of producing functionally gradient materials (FGM) using SHS has been developed, which is constructed by two important techniques; an automatic powder spraying and stacking (APSS) method and a simultaneous synthesis and densification method.      In this study the characteristics of the composites of SiC whisker (SiCw) and TiB2 produced by SHS process have been investigated for the basic study on the fabrication of SiC-TiB2-Cu FGM. Both fracture strength and Young's modulus of SiCw-TiB2 composites measured by Modified Small Punch (MSP) tests increased with an increase in the SiC whisker content. SiC and TiB2 were detected by XRD analysis as the main phases in the composites.      Composition path of raw material mixture for the fabrication of SiC-TiB2-Cu FGM using SHS was obtained. Micrographs of SiCw-TiB2 revealed that the SiC whiskers are well dispersed in the sample and there is no evidence of whiskers at the fracture surface, indicating that the whiskers are well combined with the TiB2 matrix. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 117-123 TiB2 - Cu 系の稠密FGMｓの製造 PROCESSING OF DENSE FGMs IN THE TiB2 - Cu SYSTEM R. RADHAKRISHNAN and S.B. BHADURI S. WOJCICKIDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843.Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164. R. RADHAKRISHNAN, S.B. BHADURI, S. WOJCICKIDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843.Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.  Two compositions in the Ti-B-Cu system were combustion synthesized. Cu reduces the exothermicity of the reaction Ti + 2B--> TiB2 and also settles to the bottom.  Hence, "Functionally Gradient Materials " can be obtained in the system. The as-synthesized materials were further densified by hot isostatically pressing at a relatively low temperature. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 125-132 SiC/C 傾斜機能材料によりコーティングされた炭素/炭素複合材料 CARBON/CARBON COMPOSITES COATED WITH SiC/C FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 早田喜穂 a、久手幸徳 a、上村誠一 a、齋藤俊仁 b、若松義男 b、新野正之 ba 日本石油株式会社　中央技術研究所　231　神奈川県横浜市中区千鳥町8丁目b 科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所 角田支所　981-15　宮城県角田市 Y. Sohda, Y. Kude, and S. Uemura; T. Saitoh, Y. Wakamatsu and M. NiinoCentral Technical Research Laboratory Nippon Oil Company, Ltd. 8, Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, 231 JapanKakuda Research Center National Aerospace Laboratory, STA Kakuda, Miyagi, 981 -15 Japan  Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites coated with SiC/C functionally gradient materials (FGM) were prepared by controlling the feed gas (SiCl4, H2 and CH4) ratio in a CVD furnace. These C/C composites incorporating the SiC/C FGM as a coating were successfully tested in a rocket combustor environment and a high-temperature different field. Hemispherical C/C composites with a diameter of 50 mm were fabricated using a 3D near net shape fabric of pitch-based carbon fibers. In this way, SiC/C FGM systems as a coating were created on those C/C composites as a model component of a nose cone for a future space plane. These nose cone shape test parts showed excellent performance in high-temperature supersonic gas flow tests. In conclusion, FGM with complicated shapes are promising materials to be used in high temperature structures for a future space plane. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 133-139 連続的繊維強化SiC基傾斜組成複合材料の製造法 FABRICATION OF CONTINUOUS FIBER REINFORCED SiC MATRIX COMPOSITES WITH GRADIENT COMPOSITIONS 河合千尋, Satoshi Wakamatsu*, 阪上正剛* 、野村俊雄住友電気工業株式会社　伊丹研究所*住友電気工業株式会社　664　兵庫県伊丹市昆陽北１－１－１ Chihiro Kawai, Satoshi Wakamatsu*, Seigou Sakagami* and Toshio NomuraItami Research Laboratories, *Vehicular Technology Laboratories. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. 1-1-1, Koya-Kita, Itami, Hyogo, 664 Japan  Compositonally gradient type of continuous fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites, in which carbon and SiC fibers were used, were fabricated by a sintering process in order to improve the oxidation-resistance and erosion-resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites.      The Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) consist of three layers of carbon fiber/SiC composites (C/SiC) and one layer of SiC fiber/SiC composite (SiC). In order to reduce the thermal stress induced between C/SiC and SiC/SiC during cooling process after sintering, gradation of the volume fraction of fiber in C/SiC layers was tried. As the result of that, it was possible to inhibit fracture and delamination between SiC/SiC and C/SiC. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 141-148 常圧焼結によるNi-AlN系の傾斜機能材料 FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL OF THE SYSTEM Ni-AlN BY PRESSURELESS SINTERING 新谷光二、石田祐介、Tadao Nagai宇田雅広北海道大学　060　札幌市日新製鋼株式会社　272　千葉県市川市 Koji Atarashiya, Yusuke Ishida, and Tadao Nagai; Masahiro UdaHokkaido university, sapporo 060, Japan Nissin Steel Co . , Ltd., Ichikawa 272, Japan  An FGM block of the system Ni -AlN was prepared by powder metallurgy. A compositionally gradient mixture of a nickel powder and an ultrafine particle aluminum was pressed (200 MPa) in a steel die followed by two-step sintering (873 K and 1273 K) in flowing nitrogen. In this process, the ultrafine aluminum particles reacted with nitrogen to form aluminum nitride, but the nickel powder did not react with any species. Thus, the Ni -AlN FGM block was completely accomplished. The FGM block prepared by this method was characterized for structure, density, thermal expansion, and so on. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 149-156 シーケンシャルスリップキャスティングによる傾斜機能材料：アルミナ－イットリア正方晶ジルコニア FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS BY SEQUENTIAL SLIP CASTING: ALUMINA-YTTRIA TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA R. Moreno, A. J. S㌻chez-Herencia, J. S. Moya.Instituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio (C.S.1.C) Carretera de Valencia Km. 24.300 28500 Arganda del Rey, Madrid, SPAIN. R. Moreno, A. J. S㌻chez-Herencia, J. S. Moya.Instituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio (C.S.I.C) Carretera de Valencia Km. 24.300 28500 Arganda del Rey, Madrid, SPAIN.  Ceramic/ceramic functionally gradient materials (FGM) ranging from Al2O3 to Y-TZP have been obtained by sequential slip casting of eigth different slurries. FGMs close to theoretical density (99%), with high homogeneity in each layer and sharp interfaces between layers have been obtained. Finally the residual stress in the sintered compact has been estimated. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 157-164 ホットプレスによるディスク形傾斜機能材料の製造法及びその熱力学的性能 FABRICATION OF DISK-SHAPED FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS BY HOT PRESSING AND THEIR THERMOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE 川崎亮  , 渡辺龍三東北大学　工学部材料加工学科　980　仙台市 Akira Kawasaki and Ryuzo WatanabeDepartment of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980 JAPAN  Disk-shaped functionally gradient material (FGM) of partially stabilized zirconia and stainless steel was prepared by hot pressing. Thermomechanical properties of the FGM were evaluated by the burner heating test which was developed on a laboratory scale. A temperature difference was established by heating the ceramic side with a burner flame and cooling the metal side with water flow. A vertical crack formed at the ceramic surface during cooling cycle. The crack formation temperature is almost constant for the various samples and heating conditions, which indicates strong dependence of crack formation on the material species. The crack formation mechanism is discussed on the basis of thermal stress analysis using a finite element method. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 165-172 スラリ－積層と焼結プロセスによる傾斜機能材料の製造法 FABRICATION OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL BY SLURRY STACKING AND SINTERING PROCESS 山岡弘人*, 結城正弘, 田原賢一, 入沢敏夫渡辺龍三, 川崎亮*石川島播磨重工株式会社　235　横浜市磯子区新中原町　東北大学　工学部材料加工学科　980　仙台市 H.Yamaoka*, M.Yuki, K.Tahara, and T.Irisawa; R.Watanabe and A.KawasakiResearch Institute, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.1 Shin-nakahara, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, 235, Japan Department of Material Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University Sendai, 980, Japan  Cylindrically shaped functionally gradient material (FGM) of stainless steel and zirconia has been fabricated by powder sintering process. To stack the mixed powders according to the designed composition profile, a slurry stacking process has been developed. In this process, a substrate was dipped in premixed slurry and CIPed step-by-step. Stacked products were then encapsulated and HIPed.      Methods of stable fabrication were discussed. To fabricate the long length cylindrically shaped FGM by this process, presintering procedure of the substrate was necessary to get the adequate strength and tolerate the breakdown by lathing force. High strength and adequate value of Young's modulus of the presintered substrate are effective for enduring the lathing force. In contrast, too high a Young's modulus results in disbonding of the FGM stacked layer from substrate. Furthermore, stress analysis was conducted to clarify the mechanism of disbonding of the slurry stacked layer from the substrate. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 173-180 Ni-Al2O3　FGMの粉末処理 POWDER PROCESSING OF Ni-Al2O3 FGM B. H. Rabin and R. J. HeapsIdaho National Engineering Laboratory P.O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2218 USA B. H. Rabin and R. J. HeapsIdaho National Engineering Laboratory P.O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2218 USA  Powder processing approaches have been developed for fabrication of disk and rod-shaped graded Ni-Al2O3 materials. Microstructural gradients were controlled by adjusting the thickness and composition of mixed phase interlayers. Wet mixing was required to achieve good dispersion of the ceramic and metal powders, and sintering aids were used to enhance densification of the ceramic-rich compositions. Consolidation was accomplished using pressureless sintering, hot pressing, or hot isostatic pressing. The effects of using different particle size ratios of metal and ceramic powders on the microstructure of the interlayers have been evaluated. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 181-188 動的冷却構造を伴う傾斜機能材料のパネル組み立ての製造法 FABRICATION OF PANEL ASSEMBLY OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS WITH ACTIVE COOLING STRUCTURES 渡辺龍三熊川彰長 ,新野正之東北大学　980　宮城県仙台市 科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所 角田支所　981-15　宮城県角田市君萱小金沢１ Ryuzo Watanabe; Akinaga Kumakawa and Masayuki NiinoTohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980, JAPANKakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, STA 1, Koganezawa, Kimigaya, 　　　Kakuda, Miyagi 981-15, JAPAN  The fabrication processes of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) with active cooling structures are outlined. Five fabrication processes were used to fabricate the FGM components. Four assembling methods were individually employed to bond the FGMs with active cooling structures. Several specific subjects concerning the assemblage with structural panels are described and the proper condition for such assemblage are established. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 189-196 SiC-AIN/Mon　傾斜機能材料の粉末冶金による製造法 POWDER METALLURGICAL FABRICATION OF SiC-AIN/Mo FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL 川崎亮、田中賢衛、渡辺龍三東北大学　工学部材料加工学科　980　仙台市 Akira Kawasaki, Masahiro Tanaka and Ryuzo WatanabeDepartment of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, JAPAN  The powder metallurgical fabrication of a SiC-AlN/Mo functionally gradient material for thermal barrier use is described. To get basic knowledge for the FGM designing, a detailed investigation was carried out to determine the compositional dependencies of the thermal and mechanical properties in the SiC-AlN ceramic alloy system. The results have shown that the samples HIP'ed at 2123K at 200MPa for 2h from mixture of SiC and AlN powders have sufficient thermal barrier properties with high fracture strength at elevated temperature than monolithic SiC and AlN. The designing of the compositional distribution was studied on the basis of the calculation of the overall heat transfer in a temperature difference of 1000K. With an optimum compositional distribution, a sintered compact of functionally gradient material of SiC-AlN/Mo was successfully fabricated. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 197-202 粉末加工による傾斜機能金属-セラミクス材料 FUNCTIONALLY GRADED METAL-CERAMIC MATERIALS BY POWOER PROCESSING S. Hulsmann, W. BunkMaterials Laboratory, German Aerospace Research Establishment, P.O.Box 90 60 58, D-5000 Cologne 90, Germany S. Hulsmann, W. BunkMaterials Laboratory, German Aerospace Research Establishment, P.O.Box 90 60 58, D-5000 Cologne 90, Germany  Metal-Ceramic FGMs are considered as potential materials for thermal barrier structures. However only few materials combinations have been fabricated and tested up to now. In this study a systematic approach is undertaken to assess further materials combinations with regards to their thermo-chemicai compatibility. First results on FGM fabrication involving reactive powder metallurgy (RPM) are presented. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 203-210 連続スリップ注型法により得られる　Al2TiO5-Al2O3　傾斜機能材料 Al2TiO5-Al2O3 FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS OBTAINED BY SEQUENTIAL SLIP CASTING. J. Requena, J.S. Moya, P. Pena,Instituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio (C.S.I.C) 28500 Arganda del Rey Madrid. Spain. J. Requena, J.S. Moya, P. Pena,Instituto de Cer㍊ica y Vidrio (C.S.I.C) 28500 Arganda del Rey Madrid. Spain.  Aluminum titanate-alumina Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) have been obtained by sequential slip casting of Al2O3-TiO2 slurries with different Al2O3/TiO2 ratio. These slurries were prepared with 65% solids content and viscosities ranging from 8 to 17 mPa.s. The morphology of the different reaction sintered layers was found to be very depending on the heating cycles. The presence of craks perpendicular to the FGM layers have been attributed to the expansive formation of Al2TiO5. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 213-220 高熱流束のもとでの傾斜機能材料の熱疲労 THERMAL FATIGUE OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS UNDER HIGH HEAT FLUXES 熊川彰長* 新野正之*, 清藤晋一郎**, 永田佐登司**＊科学技術庁　航空宇宙技術研究所 　角田支所　981-15　宮城県角田市君萱小金沢１ ＊＊三菱重工業株式会社　455　名古屋市港区 Akinaga Kumakawa* Masayuki Niino*, Shin-ichiro Kiyoto**, and Satoshi Nagata***Kakuda Research Center, National Aerospace Laboratory, STA 1, Koganezawa, Kimigaya, Kakuda, Miyagi 981-15, JAPAN **Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD., Minato, Nagoya 455, JAPAN  The thermal fatigue properties of four kinds of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) specimens were characterized by estimating the variation of the effective thermal conductivity with thermal cycles under high heat flux conditions in the temperature difference field. It was experimentally demonstrated that the functionally gradient layer prevented the peeling-off of the coated layer and micro-crack propagation. On the basis of this study, it was also confirmed that there was an optimum compositional distribution against thermal fatigue. It was concluded that the normalized effective thermal conductivity is a useful index for showing thermal fatigue characteristics. English Volume34Ceramic TransactionFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS Volume34Ceramic TransactionsFUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIALS 9 1992-12-31 221-228 多層セラミックスコ－ティングの熱亀裂 TBERMAL CRACKING OF MULTILAYER CERAMIC COATINGS K. Kokini, M. Case and Y. Takeuchiurdue University Ray W. Herrick Laboratories School of Mechanical Engineering West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A. K. Kokini, M. Case and Y. TakeuchiPurdue University Ray W. Herrick Laboratories School of Mechanical Engineering West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A.  The mechanism of surface crack initiation in multilayer ceramic coatings is shown to be stress relaxation at high temperature which results in tensile stresses upon cooling. Preliminary experiments on interface crack initiation are also discussed. English