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National Institute for Materials Science
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[Functionally Graded Materials (2010)](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/a8b18f2e-f178-4063-97f2-509cf02532ae)
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Sheet1 BookTitle_j BookTitle_e Volume/Issue Issueddate Page Title_j Title_e AuthorList_j AuthorList_e Abstract Language 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 1-4 表面の電位分布測定を用いた不均一表面の反応評価 Reaction evaluation of non-uniformly surface using surface potential measurement 廣畑 洋平１），横田歩１），野田和彦１），片山英樹２），升田博之２），渡辺義見３）１）芝浦工業大学，２）物質?材料研究機構，３）名古屋工業大学 Youhei HIROHATA１），Ayumu YOKOTA１），Kazuhiko NODA１），Hideki KATAYAMA２），Hiroyuki MASUDA２） and Yoshimi WATANABE３）１） Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Tokyo, Japan２） National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan３） Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan The atmospheric corrosion is caused by ultrathin water film formed on the metal surface due to adsorption or condensation and strongly affected by environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and rain. Because aqueous solution film on metallic surface is extremely thin, the thin film makes the reaction analysis on metallic surface either by electrochemical technique or conventional corrosion evaluation become difficult. In addition, the functionally graded materials (FGMs) have non-uniform composition and structure. Therefore, it is also difficult to analyze the reactivity of FGMs surface. In this paper, a surface potential measurement device with non-contact probe is applied to measure surface potential of FGMs. The corrosion behavior of FGMs surface is also investigated by using the surface potential data. As a result, the surface potential distribution of FGMs shows a little difference between different type of phases. From these results, the measurement of surface potential using a surface potential measurement device is quite suitable to investigate the atmospheric corrosion behavior of FGMs. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 5-10 遠心力混合粉末法によるCFRP加工用 Cu-ナノダイヤモンド系傾斜機能砥石の作製 Fabrication of Cu-nano-diamond Functionally Graded Grinding Wheel for CFRP Drilling by a Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Method 間宮佑太1），佐藤尚1），三浦永理1），渡辺義見1），倉知一正2)，横山久範2)1)名古屋工業大学 2)岐阜県セラミックス研究所 Yuta MAMIYA 1), Hisashi SATO 1) , Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA 1) , Yoshimi WATANABE 1)Kazumasa KURACHI 2), Hisanori YOKOYAMA 2)1) Nagoya Institute of technology, Aichi, Japan2) Gifu Prefectural Ceramics Research Institute, Gifu, Japan A centrifugal mixed-powder method has recently been proposed as the processing technique of FGM containing fine solid-particles. In this study, some Cu-nano-diamond functionally graded grinding wheels (FGGWs) were fabricated using this technique under various conditions. Two types of mixed powders, hand-mixed powder and machinery-mixed powder, were used to fabricate the FGGWs. It is found that the FGGMs can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal mixed-powder method. However, both the FGGWs showed had poor mechanical properties. It is due to bad wettability between Cu and diamond. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 11-16 遠心力混合粉末法によるMg-Si系傾斜機能材料の創製 Fabrication of Mg-Si Functionally Graded Materials by a Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Method 澁谷将史１），佐藤尚１），三浦永理１），渡辺義見１），川森重弘２）１）名古屋工業大学，２）玉川大学 Masafumi SHIBUYA １），Hisashi SATO １），Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA １），Yoshimi WATANABE １），Shigehiro KAWAMORI ２）１） Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan２） Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan Mg alloys are known as light structural materials and expected to be widely used in industrial applications such as automotives. However Mg alloys have lower strength than steel or Al alloys, so it is necessary for Mg alloys to be reinforced and have high performance. In this study, Mg-Si functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared by a centrifugal mixed-powder method. Mg ingot and Si powder were put into a crucible and a rotationable mold respectively. Mg ingot was heated for 1 minute and Mg melt was poured into the rotating mold under Ar atmosphere. Microstructures and phases of fabricated Mg-Si FGM were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, Vickers hardness test was performed to investigate the hardness of Mg-Si FGM. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 17-22 Al-Al2Cu共晶組織のラメラ間隔を利用した遠心力法製造時における冷却速度分布の推算 Estimation of the Cooling Rate Distribution by means of Lamellar Spacing of Al-Al2Cu Eutectic Structure during Fabrication of FGM under Centrifugal Force 服部祐幸 １），佐藤尚 １），三浦永理 １），渡辺義見 １）１）名古屋工業大学 Yuko HATTORI １），Hisashi SATO １），Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA １） ，Yoshimi WATANABE １）１） Nagoya Institute of technology, Aichi, Japan Cooling rate is one of the important factors to control the microstructure of functionally graded material (FGM) by a centrifugal method. Therefore, it is important to know the distribution of cooling rate within the FGM during the centrifugal method. In this study, the distribution of the cooling rate is estimated from Al-Al2Cu eutectic lamella structure, since it is well known that lamella spacing of the eutectic lamella structure depends on the cooling rate. The equation for estimating cooling-rate distribution is derived by measuring cooling rate, lamella spacing and Al2Cu volume fraction under gravity casting. Using the derived equation, the distributions of the cooling rate in FGMs by centrifugal method are investigated. The cooling rate in a ring-shaped FGM fabricated in atmosphere pressure is found to increase from inner to outer. On the other hand, the cooling rate in a ring-shaped FGM fabricated under vacuum is constant along a direction of centrifugal force. Moreover, it is also found that the cooling rate in a rod-shaped FGM fabricated under vacuum increases from the center to inner and outer parts. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 23-28 単粒子圧縮試験法によるFe系金属ガラスの粘性率測定およびその温度依存性 Viscosity measurement of Fe-based metallic glass by Single Particle Compressive Test 山田類 １），吉年規治 2），川崎亮 2）１）東北大院・工，２）東北大・工 Rui YAMADA 1），Noriharu YODOSHI 2），Akira KAWASAKI 2）１） Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan２） Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Fe-based metallic glasses have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties such as high mechanical strength, high corrosion resistance, and high wear resistance. These unique properties make Fe-based metallic glasses promising to be utilized as micro components. However, Fe-based metallic glasses do not have sufficient resistance against crystallization, and as a result, they are difficult to fabricate into the required shape within the incubation time before crystallization. Viscosity is one of the most important parameters in determining stresses during processing. Conventional viscosity measurement methods, however, cannot be applied to most Fe-based metallic glasses because of their size limitation. To overcome this problem, we propose a new viscosity measurement method in which viscosities are derived from the viscous flow behavior on the micrometer scale of a single metallic glassy particle during the compressive test. Our studies revealed that temperature dependence of the viscosities of [(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.75Si0.05B0.2]96Nb4 metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region can be measured. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 29-34 放電プラズマ焼結/熱間押出し複合プロセスにより作製したCNT/Al複合材料の引張強度 Tensile strength of Carbon nanotube/Aluminum composite fabricated by Spark plasma sintering/hot extrusion hybrid process 栗田大樹 1)，川崎亮 2)1) 東北大院・工、2) 東北大・工 Hiroki KURITA 1), Akira KAWASAKI 2)1) Graduate School of Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan2) Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected as reinforcement because of remarkable mechanical properties. However, CNTs have never been dispersed in Aluminum (Al) matrix uniformly due to agglomeration of CNTs which have van der Waals’ force. In this study, hetero aggregation method was employed to disperse CNTs homogeneous throughout the metal matrix. After that, Carbon nanotube reinforced Aluminum (CNT/Al) composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion (SPS/HE) hybrid process. CNT-Al interface in composite was observed using Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and existence of Al4C3 on the CNT surface was discussed. As a result, Al4C3 were not existed on defect of CNT surface in spite of direct contact of Al with CNTs. Tensile strength of CNT/Al composite was increased to 160MPa due to addition of CNT 5.0vol.%. In addition, breaking elongation of CNT/Al composite was 11.4% despite increment of tensile strength. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 35-40 放電プラズマ焼結法(SPS)により試作したfly-ash/NiCr材のワイブル分布を用いた評価 Weibull Profile of Fly-ash/NiCr Materials Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. 大尾守 1)，長谷崎和洋 1), 細木真梨子 2), 吉岡一郎 2)１）島根大, ２）中国電力（株） Mamoru DAIO 1), Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 1), Mariko HOSOGI 2), Ichiro YOSHIOKA 2)１） Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan２） The Chugoku Electric Power Co.,Inc, Hiroshima, 730-8701, Japan Fly-ash/NiCr-alloy functionally graded material (FGM) plates were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS); the plates were 100 mm in diameter and 3?4 mm in thickness. The plates consisted of stacked layers; the layers had volume ratio compositions of fly-ash/NiCr = (100/0 (A), 60/40 (B), 40/60 (C), 60/40 (B), 100/0 (A)). Specimens machined into FGM plates were investigated using a three-point flexural test. One series of specimens had the normal stacking structure A/B/C, and the other had the reverse structure C/B/A, for the loading nose. After investigating the strengths of these two stacking structures, the fracture origins were observed at the surface of the extending C layer of the A/B/C structures, and of the A layer surface of the C/B/A structures. The deformation mechanism, maximum strength, and Weibull modulus were ductile, 15.8 MPa, and 5.5, respectively, for the normal A/B/C structure, and brittle, 54.3 MPa, and 13.1, respectively, for the C/B/A reverse structure. The different strengths of the two structures were explained on the basis of the strength of the expanding surface layer, A or C, and the residual stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the stacking layers in the two structures. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 41-46 高圧ねじり法で試作したp型BiSbTe化合物の材料組織と熱電特性 Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of p-type BiSbTe Compound Prepared by High Pressure Torsion 蘆田 茉希 1），岡村千夏 2），上田 貴史 3），長谷崎 和洋 2）,松野下 裕貴 1），堀田 善治 1）１）九州大学，２）島根大学，３）防衛大学校 Maki ASHIDA 1), Chinatsu OKAMURA 2), Takashi UEDA 3), Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 2), Hirotaka MATSUNOSHITA 1), Zenji HORITA 1)１） Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan２） Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan ３） National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan 2) Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 3) Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan The p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.0 compound was subjected to high pressure torsion (HPT). Sample disks of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.0 were cut from sintered compacts that were made by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by hot pressing. The disks were deformed by HPT with 5 turns at 473 K under a pressure of 6.0 GPa. Crystal orientation of the resultant disks was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the HPT disk had a preferred orientation and a fine grain compared with those of as-sintered MA disk. After the measurements of thermoelectric properties, the figure merit Z of the HPT disk increased at higher temperature side in comparison to that of the as-sintered MA disk. These results indicate that HPT process can enhance thermoelectric properties by producing a preferred orientation and grain-refined structure. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 47-52 高圧ねじり(HPT)法によって作製されたBi88Sb12熱電半導体の材料組織と熱電特性の関係 Relationship between Thermoelectric Properties and Microstructure of Bi88Sb12 Thermoelectric Semiconductors Processed by High Pressure Torsion 住田奈津樹１），蘆田茉希２），長谷崎和洋１），松野下裕貴２），堀田善治２）１）島根大学，２）九州大学 Natsuki SUMIDA １），Maki ASHIDA ２），Kazuhiro HASEZAKI １），Hirotaka MATSUNOSHITA ２）, Zenji HORITA ２）１） Shimane University， Matsue，Shimane， Japan２） Kyushu University，Fukuoka， Japan Bi88Sb12 was prepared by mechanical grinding (MG) followed by hot pressing. The disks were cut and then deformed using high pressure torsion (HPT) at 373 K under a pressure of 6.0 GPa. The number of turns in the HPT process was either one or five. Metallurgical and structural characterizations were performed using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Vickers microhardness measurements. The thermoelectric properties were estimated by measuring the thermal conductivity, electric resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. The HPT samples prepared using one turn were homogeneous and grained finely; those prepared using five turns were grained coarsely. The results indicated that grain growth occurred after HPT deformation, which was consistent with the microhardness results. The power factors of the HPT samples were almost the same as that of the as-sintered MG sample. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 53-57 マイクロTIG溶接法による鉄系材料のアルミナイド被覆 Aluminide coatings on iron-based materials by micro TIG welding 大井川央 １），大野宗一 １），松浦清隆 １）１）北海道大学 Akira OIGAWA １），Munekazu OHNO １），Kiyotaka MATSUURA １）１） Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan Nickel aluminide attracts much attention from various industries, such as automobile, aerospace and power generation, because of the high melting point, excellent oxidation resistance and high specific strength. However the poor ductility at room temperature limits the application fields of this material. The focus of this study was directed to usage of nickel aluminide as coating materials. The nickel aluminide coating on a substrate was attempted by means of three-Dimensional Micro Welder equipment (3DMW) developed in our group. The 3DMW is composed of micro TIG welding system, water-cooled working stage and welding wire feeders. The pure nickel and iron were chosen for substrates and the materials of welding wire were nickel and aluminum. The XRD analysis, metallographic observation, EPMA characterization and Vickers hardness test were conducted in order to investigate the composition and the mechanical property of the coating layer. The Vickers hardness of the coating layers exhibits significantly high value compared with those of the substrates. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 58-63 塑性ひずみ傾斜加工を施したAl-Si鋳造材の機械的性質 Mechanical property of Al-Si cast alloy subjected to strain-graded deformation process 大野宗一 １），松浦清隆 １）１）北海道大学 大学院 工学研究院 Munekazu OHNO １），Kiyotaka MATSUURA １）１） Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan Effects of strain-graded deformation on the microstructure and mechanical property of an Al-Si cast alloy were investigated. The strain-graded deformation was carried out by hot rolling of the Al alloy into which a steel plate was inserted. This deformation process is expected to cause the gradual increment of the plastic strain from the steel plate side surface to the roller side surface in the thickness direction. The microstructural observations showed that the distance between the eutectic Si particles gradually decreased from the central part of the sample to the roller side surface in the thickness direction. The sample subjected to the strain-graded deformation process exhibited excellent bending ductility compared with the normally hot-rolled sample. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 64-69 Al-Si 傾斜機能材料の半溶融ニアネットシェイプ加工 Semi-Solid Near-Net-Shape Forming of Al-Si Functionally Graded Material 上林洋樹 1），日高望 1），日高彰仁 1），奈良大作 1），熊澤典良 1），福井泰好 1）１）鹿児島大学 Hiroki KAMIBAYASHI 1），Nozomi HIDAKA 1），Akihito HIDAKA 1），Daisaku NARA 1），Noriyoshi KUMAZAWA 1），Yasuyoshi FUKUI 1）１） Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan The hyper eutectic Al-Si alloy was known as the low density, superior wear resistance, and low thermal expansion coefficient, etc. The morphology and distribution of Si grains in both an Al-Si FGM manufactured by the vacuum centrifugal method and the Al-Si FGM product applied near-net-shape forming by a backward extruding at so-called semimelt condition are examined. The Al-Si FGM billets for the extruding were machined from an Al-Si FGM thick walled tube which contains over 60 vol % Si at outer surface and 15 vol % Si at inner surface. Near-net-shape products having a graded distribution of Si particles were manufactured successfully at a molten metal and solid Si coexisting temperature range of 580~600 oC. The fine grain structure was formed regardless of the existence of initial elongated large bulky Si particles at some tested temperature. The optimum operation condition conflicted with the plastic flow resistance and viscosity resistance. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 70-75 マイクロチャンネルライニング層の長手方向傾斜組織の形成 Fabrication of longitudinally graded structures of microchannel lining layers 大参達也 １），井口学 １）１）北海道大学 Tatsuya OHMI １），Manabu IGUCHI １）１） Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan The influence of the force of gravity and the composition of the sacrificial core on the formation of longitudinally graded structures of microchannel lining layers produced by a powder metallurgical microchanneling process. In this process, a body-metal powder compact with a shaped sacrificial-core metal is sintered at temperatures between the melting points of these metals. Molten sacrificial-core metal migrated into the surrounding body-metal powder, and thus a microchannel and an alloy lining layer are produced. For the Fe-Cu system, in which infiltration of the molten sacrificial-core metal is the primary microchanneling mechanism, only the outer periphery of the lining layer expanded with increasing hydraulic head in the molten sacrificial core. In the case of the Ni-Al system, in which the primary microchanneling mechanism is diffusion, only the inner periphery narrowed with increasing hydraulic head. The longitudinal distribution of the third alloying element is controlled by the composition of the sacrificial-core metal. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 76-81 希土類含有イットリアナノ微粒子の歯科材料への応用 Application of Rare Earth containing Yttria Nano-particles for Dental Materials 宇尾基弘 1)，金森敏英 1)，高橋正樹 1)，亘理文夫 1)，曽我公平 2)，向後保雄 2)1) 北海道大学大学院歯学研究科 2)東京理科大学材料工学科 Motohiro UO 1),Toshihide KANAMORI 1),Masaki TAKAHASHI 1),Fumio WATARI 1),Kohei SOGA 2), Yasuo KOGO 2)1) Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan2) Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan2) Kyushu Univ., Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Fukuoka, Japan. Rare earth doped Y2O3 particles (Y2O3:RE) are known to emit blue VIS light under near infrared (NIR) excitation by an upconversion process. In this study, Y2O3:RE was prepared and applied for the composite resin (CR). Y2O3:RE contained CR was well cured with NIR irradiation and its Vickers hardness was higher than the CR with commercial spherical silica fillers. Also, Y2O3:RE contained dental fisher sealant showed good hardness and high visibility under UV irradiation. Thus, the feasibility of Y2O3:RE as the filler of dental CR and sealant was suggested. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 82-87 酵素モデル化合物による石灰化反応の制御 Controlled calcification using biomimetic macromolecule; A Carbonic Anhydrase analogue 阿部薫明 １），藤井悠平 １），楠原有紗 １），大和谷恵実 １），石田智毅 １），赤坂司 １），宇尾基弘 １），亘理文夫 １），林大輔 ２），高田知哉 ２）１）北海道大学，２）旭川高専２） Shigeaki ABE １）， Yuhei FUJII １），Arisa KUSUHARA １），Emi YAMATOYA １），Tomoki ISHIDA １），Tsukasa AKASAKA １），Motohiro UO １），Fumio WATARI １），Daisuke HAYASHI ２），Tomoya TAKADA ２）１）Hokkaidou University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan２）Asahikawa National College of Technology, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan Biomimetic macromolecules containing carboxyl and imidazole groups were synthesized. The complex of a zinc ion, a water molecule, and three imidazoles in a polymer is expected to act as an active center analogue of Carbonic Anhydrase, a hydration enzyme. The obtained polymer complex was applied to calcium carbonate formation. In this study, we investigated the role of both functional groups on the calcification reaction. The presence of a carboxyl group drastically enhanced the biomineralization, because it recognized and condensed the calcium ion at the first step of the calcification reaction. The obtained zinc-imidazole complex selectively induced the formation of vaterite, which is well-known to be a thermodynamically metastable polymorph of calcium carbonate. Interestingly, the results suggest that the active center analogue (zinc-imidazole complex) also stimulates introduction of the HCO3- ion to the calcium ionrecognition site. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 88-93 新複合材料Ceramic Bonded Carbonの開発 Development of New Composites; Ceramic Bonded Carbon 宮本欽生 １,２），中村正治 １,２），陳衛武 １），東城哲朗 １,２）１）大阪大学 接合科学研究所，２）東洋炭素株式会社 Yoshinari MIYAMOTO １,２），Masaharu NAKAMURA １,２），Weiwu CHEN １），Tetsuro TOJO １,２）１）Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Japan２）Toyo Tanso Co.Ltd., Osaka, Japan New carbon composites named Ceramic Bonded Carbon (CBC) consist of carbon grains bonded with ceramic grainboundaries. The CBC structure can protect carbon against oxidation and improve the strength due to the three dimensional network of ceramic grainboundaries. We have developed two processing routes for different CBCs. One is for a SiC/CBC. It was fabricated by SiC coating on carbon particles through the reaction of SiO vapor and carbon at 1500°C in vacuum and their consolidation at 2000°C for 20 min using a pulsed electric current sintering. Another approach is for a AlN/CBC by gelcasting of CBC performs and consolidating at 1500°C for 5 min. Both CBC compacts exhibited similar microstructures to the CBC concept having the ceramic grainboundaries of SiC and AlN with thicknesses below 3 μm. They had bulk densities in the range of 2.2 to 2.5 g/cm3, relative densities over 90%, bending strengths of 115 to 150 MPa, and thermal conductivities of 70 to 170W/mK. These results suggest that CBCs have a large potential to extend the performance and application of carbon materials. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 94-99 熱電変換素子を用いた太陽とバイオマスのハイブリッドエネルギーシステム Hybrid energy system by solar and biomass utilizing thermoelectric converter 矢野歳和 １），新野正之 ２），木皿且人 ３），杉目覚 １），鈴木一行 ２），石川東一郎 ３）１）宮城大学，２）JAST，３）JAXA Toshikazu YANO １），Masayuki NIINO ２）， Katsuto KISARA ３），Satoru SUGINOME １）， Kazuyuki SUZUKI ２）， Toichiro ISHIKAWA ３）１） Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan２） Foundation for Promotion of Japanese Aerospace Technology, Sendai, Japan３） Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan4) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan To realize sustainable low carbon society, the best fundamental method is to combine both heat and electric power by renewable resources. The model system of heat and electricity utilizing thermoelectric converter, solar tracking device and biomass is presented as the smart grid for combined heat and electric power, referring the experimental results. The solar tracking device for thermoelectric converter is used as solar power system and the wood pellet stove is also used in the experiment as a typical biomass combustion system. The thermoelectric converter has a large possibility to generate the electric power, and also to recover a great amount of waste heat after electric power generation because of the elevated temperature to make thermoelectric conversion. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 100-105 遠心力法により創製したAl-Al3Ni傾斜機能材料の水溶液腐食挙動 Corrosion Behavior of the Al-Al3Ni FGMs Fabricated by a Centrifugal Method 野田和彦 １），若沢勝博 １），古澤利典 １），鈴木良治 １），渡辺義見 ２）１）芝浦工業大学，２）名古屋工業大学 Kazuhiko NODA １），Masahiro WAKAZAWA １），Toshinori FURUSAWA １），Ryouji SUZUKI １）, Yoshimi WATANABE ２）1) Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Tokyo, Japan2) Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Two Al-Al3Ni FGM rings were fabricated by a centrifugal method. Master alloy ingots comprised Al-13 mass% Ni and 20 mass% Ni alloys. There is a gradient distribution of both particle size and volume fraction in Al-Al3Ni FGMs. The corrosion resistances of fabricated FGMs have been studied by using electrochemical measurements. It is found that the existence of the Al3Ni intermetallic compound has no effect on pitting corrosion although it strongly influences the mechanical properties. It can be concluded that the mechanical properties-graded materials can be obtained by the Al-Al3Ni system without reducing the corrosion resistances. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 106-111 ジャイロ式砥石研削機構によるCFRPの新規穴あけ加工法の提案 A new proposal for drilling method of CFRP with Gyro-driving grinding wheel 柘植英明 １），竹腰久仁雄 ２），山神成正 １），加賀忠士 １），坂東直行 １），鎌倉光利 ３），渡辺義見 ４）１）岐阜県機械材料研究所，２）岐阜県産業経済振興センター３）岐阜県研究開発財団，４）名古屋工業大学 Hideaki TSUGE 1），Kunio TAKEKOSHI 2），Shigemasa YAMAGAMI 1），Tadashi KAGA 1），Naoyuki BANDO 1），Mitsutoshi KAMAKURA 3），Yoshimi WATANABE 4）１） Research Institute for Machinery and Materials Gifu Prefectural Government, Oze, Seki, Gifu, Japan２） Gifu Economic and Industrial Promotion Center, Gifu, Gifu, Japan３） Gifu Research and Development Foundation, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan４） Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Recently, hole-making in CFRP is generally used drills in the commercial industry. However, exit burr and delamination appear around the hole because of drill wear. Moreover, the processing is expensive. Therefore, we propose the new processing method with gyro-driving grinding wheel mechanism. The gyro-driving mechanism has not only grinding wheel rotation but also the right-angled rotation. In this processing method, it is possible to drill a hole in CFRP, because grinding wheel is not stopped up by burring dust. Then we experimentally investigated processing conditions by this method. We understood a basic performance of the drilling processing that used gyro-driving grinding wheel mechanism. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 112-117 マルテンサイト変態法によって製造した傾斜機能材料の耐食性評価 Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of FGMs Fabricated by Martensitic Transformation Technique 加藤将洋 １），野田和彦 １），香川勇樹 １），金子弘 １），田辺知博 １），渡辺義見 ２）１）芝浦工業大学、２）名古屋工業大学 Masahiro KATO １），Kazuhiko NODA １），Yuki KAGAWA １），Hiroshi KANEKO １），Tomohiro TANABE １），Yoshimi WATANABE ２）１） Shibaura Institute of Technology、Toyosu、Tokyo、Japan２） Nagoya Institute of Technology、Nagoya、Aichi、Japan Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are developed for various environment applications. If these materials are meant to be used in either human body or sea water, research regarding corrosion properties of the materials is essential. In this study, SUS304 stainless steel based FGM was fabricated by a martensitic transformation technique. Initially step-shaped and wedge-shaped SUS 304 stainless steel specimens were deformed into a rectangular cross section to obtain FGMs. The corrosion properties of SUS304 FGMs were measured by using anodic polarization curve measurement. Potentiostatic polarization measurements were also done with SUS304 FGMs and each surface was observed by using optical microscope. Martensite sample shows no difference in corrosion behavior and pitting potential in boracic acid-sodium borate buffer solutions containing NaCl 0.05M comparing to austenitic sample. The higher rate of martensite phase shows larger pits occurred after potentiostatic polarization measurement. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 118-123 遮熱コーティングの試験方法に関するISO規格化活動 Japanese Activities on ISO Standardization of Testing Methods for Thermal Barrier Coatings 高橋 智 １），熊川彰長 ２），川崎 亮 ３），児島慶享 ４），原田良夫 ５），小野文夫 ６）１）首都大学東京，２）JAXA，３）東北大学，４）日立製作所，５）トーカロ，６）大阪科学技術センター付属ニューマテリアルセンター Satoru TAKAHASHI １），Akinaga KUMAKAWA ２），Akira KAWASAKI ３），Yoshitaka KOJIMA ４），Yoshio HARADA ５），Fumio ONO ６）１） Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan２） Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan３） Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan４） Hitachi, Ltd, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan５） Tocalo Co., Ltd., Akashi, Hyogo, Japan６） Osaka Science & Technology Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are an indispensable technology for thermal protection of hot section components, such as blades, vanes and combustors in gas turbine and aero-engine, operated at elevated temperatures. For TBC, it is required to standardize the reasonable evaluation methods guaranteeing its performance as well as to develop coating process technologies. In view of the background, activities on JIS and ISO standardization of testing methods for TBC have been done aggressively by the support of the Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) - the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan. This paper summarizes the Japanese standardization activities and two testing methods which have been proposed to ISO, i.e., "Testing Method of Cycle Heating for Thermal Barrier Coatings under Temperature Gradient" and "Testing Methods for Measuring Thermal Cycle Resistance and Thermal Shock Resistance for Thermal Barrier Coatings". Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 124-129 メカニカルアロイングと高圧ねじり法で試作した微細結晶粒Bi2Te3系熱電材料の散乱因子の比較 Comparison to Scattering Factor of Bi2Te3-related Materials Finely Grained by Mechanical Alloying and High Pressure Torsion 蘆田 茉希 1），濱千代 崇 2），上田 貴史 3），長谷崎 和洋 2）,松野下 裕貴 1），堀田 善治 1）１）九州大学，２）島根大学，３）防衛大学校 Maki ASHIDA 1), Takashi HAMACHIYO 2), Takashi UEDA 3), Kazuhiro HASEZAKI 2),Hirotaka MATSUNOSHITA 1), Zenji HORITA 1)１） Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka , Japan２） Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan３） National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan Bi2Te3-related thermoelectric semiconductors were prepared by the mechanical alloying (MA) and the vertical Bridgman (VBM) - High Pressure Torsion (HPT) methods. Structures and electric properties of these alloys were then investigated. The orientation factors F of the MA and VBM ? HPT samples were 0.054 and 0.525, respectively. Average grain sizes of both samples were approximately 2 μm. The carrier scattering factor of the MA and VBM ? HPT samples were estimated to be -1.3 and +0.1, respectively. The maximum figure of merit obtained for the isotropic MA sample was 4.1 × 10?3K?1 at 310 K (ZT=1.27) and this was about twice the 2.1 × 10?3K?1 at 440K (ZT=0.92) obtained for the anisotropic VBM ? HPT sample. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 130-133 導電性高分子の熱電特性と伝導機構について Thermoelectric Properties and Conduction Mechanism of Conductive Polymers 篠原嘉一，磯田幸宏(独)物質･材料研究機構 Yoshikazu SHINOHARA，Yukihiro ISODANational Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan The effects of alkyl side-chain molecular weight of polythiophene polymers on their thermoelectric properties and conduction mechanism have been investigated. Polythiophene polymers indicate a tendency that Seebeck coefficient decreases with an increasing electrical conductivity as well as inorganic thermoelectric materials. The results are summarized in relation to side-chain molecular weight as follows:1) Electrical conductivity increased with decreasing a side-chain molecular weight.2) Thermoelectric power factor increased with decreasing a side-chain molecular weight.3) Poythioephene polymers with alkyl side chains showed a nearest distance hopping. Electrical conductivity increased with temperature.4) A nearest distance hopping is superior to a variable range hopping in relation to Seebeck coefficient. Japanese 傾斜機能材料論文集 Functionally Graded Materials Vol. 24, 2010 2010-10-25 134-137 傾斜機能材料データベースの運用(2009年度) -運用１０年目を目前にして- FGMs database management report 2009 木皿且人 １），森谷信一 １），紺野智美 ２），熊川彰長 １），新野正之 ２）１）JAXA，２）JAST Katsuto KISARA １），Shin-ichi MORIYA １），Tomomi KONNO 2），Akinaga KUMAKAWA １），Masayuki NIINO ２）１）Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kakuda, Miyagi, Japan２）Foundation for promotion of Japanese Aerospace Technology, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Functionally Graded Materials Database (hereinafter referred to as FGMs Database) was open to the society via Internet in October, 2002, and since then, it has been run by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). As of June 2010, the database holds 1,974 research information with 2,906 researchers data, 631 institution data and so on. This present paper will make an annual report on FGMs Database administration. The problems on the management will also be discussed. Japanese