# Biochemical Pathways for n‐Type Doping: An Electron Transfer Relay from Saccharide to Organic Semiconductors

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/ffe93a7f-49b0-4af3-af52-7159f2b5f9f0

## File

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## Id

ffe93a7f-49b0-4af3-af52-7159f2b5f9f0

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2025-12-24T05:42:04.818072Z

## Updated at

2025-12-24T06:20:45.984708Z

## Published at

2025-12-24T07:20:31.904210Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202509278

## Date published

2025-10-30

## Recorded date published

2025-12

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

vor

## Collection



## Title

- title: 'Biochemical Pathways for n‐Type Doping: An Electron Transfer Relay from
    Saccharide to Organic Semiconductors'
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Solution processing of organic semiconductors provides a facile way
    to fabricate electrically doped thin films, which opens opportunities for advancing
    printed electronics. However, this approach is limited due to the instability
    of dopants and doped organic semiconductors, particularly for n-type ones. In
    this study, n-type doping of an organic semiconducting polymer is achieved using
    aqueous doping solutions in air, a condition under which n-type chemical doping
    had not previously been demonstrated. Polymeric semiconductor thin films are immersed
    in aqueous doping solutions, which contained the saccharide fructose, redox bio-mediator
    flavin nucleotide (FMN), and bulky molecular cations. In this process, electrons
    are transferred from fructose to FMN and then from FMN to organic semiconductor
    thin films. The introduced electrons are compensated by the incorporation of bulky
    molecular cations into the thin films. Successful n-type doping is confirmed by
    absorption, conductivity, and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The density
    of states of the polymer is filled up to −3.8 eV versus vacuum, beyond the conventionally
    anticipated limit of ambient stability. This breakthrough is rooted in the combined
    effects of solution pH, mediator-assisted use of fructose, and choice of dopant
    cation. In addition, n-type doping using biomolecules may shed light on new connections
    between electronic materials and biomolecules for energy storage, transfer, and
    conversion.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: und

## Creator

- name: Takuma Ohashi
  role: author
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Masaki Ishii
  role: author
- name: Jun Takeya
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-1350
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Katsuhiko Ariga
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-2955
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Yu Yamashita
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-3197
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Wiley

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: organic semiconductor
  schema: not_defined
- subject: doping
  schema: not_defined
- subject: biomolecule
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
  date_licensed: 2025-10-30

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Small
  issn: '16136810'
  volume: '21'
  issue: '49'
  article_number: e09278

## Conference



## Related item



## Funding

- identifier: JP23K23428
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP22H04959
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP23H05459
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JP25H00898
  funder_name: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- identifier: JPMJCR21O3
  funder_name: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- identifier: JPMJFR236R
  funder_name: Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology

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## Chemical composition



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## Fileset

- id: 01b5ba1b-9d2c-492d-a857-933ca5a5675b
  filename: Small - 2025 - Ohashi - Biochemical Pathways for n‐Type Doping  An Electron
    Transfer Relay from Saccharide to Organic.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 962492
  md5: eb2aab41b895647209640ab18c30bdbd

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 01b5ba1b-9d2c-492d-a857-933ca5a5675b
filename: Small - 2025 - Ohashi - Biochemical Pathways for n‐Type Doping  An Electron
  Transfer Relay from Saccharide to Organic.pdf