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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes serious health risks to living organisms. Inorganic metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), have long been recognized for their effectiveness as UV radiation filters/blockers in sunscreen formulations. TiO2 and ZnO as UV-blocking materials have some limitations and issues such as producing harmful radicals and toxicity, respectively. As a result, there is a growing need to develop efficient and safe UV-blocking materials to overcome these limitations associated with conventional TiO2 and ZnO materials. Zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4), a ternary metal oxide, is expected to be a promising candidate due to its optical properties and potential for UV-blocking capability. This manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the development and characterization of Zn2SnO4 as a potential alternative filter to TiO2 and ZnO for UV protection. The fundamental characteristics, including structural, optical, and photocatalytic characteristics, as well as cell viability, were investigated for two Zn2SnO4 morphologies: cubic aggregate Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles (ZTO CANP) and Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles (ZTO NP), which were compared with the performance of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NP). Interestingly, in addition to their promising UVB and partial UVA blocking properties, ZTO CANP and ZTO NP were found to be relativity photocatalytically inactive materials, which means they produce less free radical species as in the case of TiO2 NP, and they are not considered as toxic materials as in the case of ZnO NP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct comparison study examining the performance of Zn2SnO4 ternary metal oxide for its potential use as a UV filter. Further research and optimization need to be done on these materials, particularly ZTO CANP as a promising alternative UV filter.

Rights:

• Creative Commons BY-NC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
  

Keyword: Zn2SnO4 ternary metal oxide, UV radiation filters, UVB and UVA blocking, TiO2 and ZnO alternatives, TiO2 free radicals, ZnO toxicity

Date published: 2023-12-31

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Journal:

• Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (ISSN: 14686996) vol. 24 2277678

Funding:

Manuscript type: Author's version (Accepted manuscript)

MDR DOI: https://doi.org/10.48505/nims.4314

First published URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2023.2277678

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Contact agent: Kadhim Al-Attafi (Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong) kadhim.m@uokerbala.edu.iq

Updated at: 2023-11-08 13:41:59 +0900

Published on MDR: 2023-11-09 13:30:07 +0900