# Fluctuating magnetism and Pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene

https://mdr.nims.go.jp/datasets/e8392642-f85c-479f-9743-8f20016d028a

## File

- [2025A00600G_Fluctuating magnetism and Pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene.pdf](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/016655ab-2fa8-4d2a-8565-6ad51c83e7d6/download) ([Detail](https://mdr.nims.go.jp/filesets/016655ab-2fa8-4d2a-8565-6ad51c83e7d6.md))

## Id

e8392642-f85c-479f-9743-8f20016d028a

## Local identifier



## Visibility

open_to_public

## State

published

## Created at

2026-07-27T23:33:16.545676Z

## Updated at

2026-07-28T04:35:57.465624Z

## Published at

2026-07-28T07:27:18.926874Z

## Doi



## First published url

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08725-5

## Date published

2025-04-10

## Recorded date published

2025-4-10

## Resource type

journal_article

## Manuscript type

accepted_manuscript

## Collection



## Title

- title: Fluctuating magnetism and Pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene
  title_type: original
  lang: en

## Description

- description: Magnetism typically arises from the effect of exchange interactions
    on highly localized fermionic wavefunctions in f- and d-atomic orbitals. By contrast,
    in rhombohedral multilayer graphene (RMG), magnetism—manifesting as spontaneous
    polarization into one or more spin and valley flavours—originates from itinerant
    electrons near a Van Hove singularity. Here we show experimentally that the electronic
    entropy in this system indicates signatures typically associated with disordered
    local magnetic moments, unexpected for electrons in a fully itinerant metal. Specifically,
    we find a contribution ΔS ≈ 1 kB per charge carrier that begins at the Curie temperature
    and survives more than one order of magnitude in temperature. First-order phase
    transitions show an isospin ‘Pomeranchuk effect’ in which the fluctuating moment
    phase is entropically favoured over the nearby symmetric Fermi liquid. Our results
    imply that, despite the itinerant nature of the electron wavefunctions, the spin
    and valley polarization of individual electrons is decoupled, a phenomenon typically
    associated with localized moments, as happens, for example, in solid 3He. Transport
    measurements, surprisingly, show a finite-temperature resistance minimum in the
    fluctuating moment regime, which we attribute to the interplay of fluctuating
    magnetic moments and electron–phonon scattering. Our results highlight the universality
    of soft isospin modes to two-dimensional flat-band systems.
  description_type: abstract
  lang: en

## Creator

- name: Ludwig Holleis
  role: author
- name: Tian Xie
  role: author
- name: Siyuan Xu
  role: author
- name: Haoxin Zhou
  role: author
- name: Caitlin L. Patterson
  role: author
- name: Archisman Panigrahi
  role: author
- name: Takashi Taniguchi
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Kenji Watanabe
  role: author
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
  organization: National Institute for Materials Science
- name: Leonid S. Levitov
  role: author
- name: Chenhao Jin
  role: author
- name: Erez Berg
  role: author
- name: Andrea F. Young
  role: author

## Contact agent



## Publisher

organization: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

## Managing organization



## Keyword

- subject: Rhombohedral multilayer graphene
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Magnetism
  schema: not_defined
- subject: Van Hove singularity
  schema: not_defined

## Rights

- identifier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

## Other identifier(s)



## Data origin

- data_origin_type: other

## Embargo



## Journal

- title: Nature
  issn: '00280836'
  volume: '640'
  issue: '8058'
  start_page: 355
  end_page: 360

## Conference



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## Measurement method



## Specimen



## Chemical composition



## Structure for specimen



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## Fileset

- id: 016655ab-2fa8-4d2a-8565-6ad51c83e7d6
  filename: 2025A00600G_Fluctuating magnetism and Pomeranchuk effect in multilayer
    graphene.pdf
  content_type: application/pdf
  size: 25756985
  md5: 5f85152a71fdae5a3818c7a9c584bf66

## Thumbnail

fileset_id: 016655ab-2fa8-4d2a-8565-6ad51c83e7d6
filename: 2025A00600G_Fluctuating magnetism and Pomeranchuk effect in multilayer graphene.pdf